List of World Fauna Vertebrate Animals - Carriers of Plague Agent

Sludsky, A. A.

doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2014-3-42-49

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…принципы типизации очагов чумы лежат в основе планирования эпидобследования, прогно-зирования эпизоотической активности очагов и, соответственно, достижения высокой эффективности профилактических мероприятий, направленных на предупреждение заболевания людей чумой. этапы современной типизации очагов чумы, как и критика, подробно приводятся в публикациях многих авто-ров [5][6][7][8][9]. практический отход от парадигмы «оздоровления природных очагов» [10] вызывал необходимость дальнейшего совершенствования принципов дифференциации очаговых территорий.…”

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Ecological-Epizootiological Differentiation of Natural Plague Foci

Khalidov

2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Plague foci differentiation is at the core of surveillance and forecasting of epizootic activity and hence achieving high effectiveness of prophylactic measures for prevention of human plague cases. Improvement of the plague foci differentiation taking into account recent data on their status and functioning is a relevant objective. The aim of the study was to differentiate natural plague foci according to the significance of ecology factors in the dynamics of epizootic activity. Materials and methods. Various models for forecasting epizootic activity of natural plague foci, based on the consistent statistical pattern recognition procedure were applied. 11 plague focal territories for which predictive models had ever been developed were surveyed. Results and discussion. The plague foci differ by impact of biotic and abiotic factors on epizootic activity. If epizootic activity depends on the biotic factors, forecasting can only be made on the basis of the data obtained directly during epizootiological surveillance. If epizootic activity depends on abiotic factors, such plague foci can be more depended on the global climate change. The put forward differentiation of focal areas allows for searching the common patterns of plague epizootic process in foci with different species of hosts and vectors, plague microbe variants and geographic setting, as well as for additional typification alongside the existing ones.

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Ecological-Epizootiological Differentiation of Natural Plague Foci

Khalidov

2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Ecology of Yersinia pestis and the Epidemiology of Plague

Dubyanskiy

Yeszhanov

2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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This chapter summarizes information about the natural foci of plague in the world. We describe the location, main hosts, and vectors of Yersinia pestis. The ecological features of the hosts and vectors of plague are listed, including predators - birds and mammals and their role in the epizootic. The epizootic process in plague and the factors affecting the dynamics of epizootic activity of natural foci of Y. pestis are described in detail. The mathematical models of the epizootic process in plague and predictive models are briefly described. The most comprehensive list of the hosts and vectors of Y. pestis in the world is presented as well.

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Climate Changes in Central Asia as a Prerequisite and Trigger of Plague Microbe (Yersinia pestis) Speciation

Suntsov

2022

Contemp. Probl. Ecol.

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Two physical and climatic factors that were distant and recent prerequisites and a transformation trigger for a clone of the ancestral pseudotuberculous microbe Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:1b (the causative agent of the Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF)) into a population of the plague microbe derivative Y. pestis are considered. One remote prerequisite was the aridification of the Central Asian landscapes in the second half of the Cenozoic period and the formation of the Gobi Arid Zone. The arid conditions of Central Asia determined the formation of adaptive species-specific protective behavior in the Tarbagan marmot ( Marmota sibirica ) when installing the plug of a wintering hole, which later contributed to the massive infection of the animals with FESLF by the aberrant (traumatic, not alimentary) method during hibernation. A recent prerequisite and a real trigger of Y. pestis speciation was the onset of the last maximum (Sartan) ice age in Central Asia at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene, 22 000–15 000 years ago. Freezing of the cooling burrows of the Tarbagan marmot caused a behavioral shift in the larval population of the marmot flea Oropsylla silantiewi and the transition to the cold winter–spring months of the year from saprophagy in the nesting litter to hematophagy on the bodies of sleeping animals. Larval scarifications in the oral cavity of sleeping marmots have become the entrance gate for a unique traumatic FESLF infection. The constellation of climatic changes, the heterothermal (and, accordingly, heteroimmune) condition of the family groups of sleeping marmots, and the year-round propagation of marmot fleas in wintering burrows, combined with behavioral shifts in marmots and fleas caused by climatic changes, led to the formation of conditions in the parasitic system M. sibirica–O. silantiewi in which the transformation of the FESLF microbe into the causative agent of the plague occurred according to peripatric speciation. Thus, the climatic changes that happened at different times in the Cenozoic initially led to a shift in behavior of the Tarbagan marmot and, subsequently, to a shift in the behavior of the fleas parasitizing it. Ultimately, the change in the behavior of marmots and fleas caused the transition of the clone(s) of the FESLF causative agent into a new ecological niche and adaptive zone, as well as the transformation into a population(s) of the plague microbe.

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List of World Fauna Vertebrate Animals - Carriers of Plague Agent

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological-Epizootiological Differentiation of Natural Plague Foci

Ecological-Epizootiological Differentiation of Natural Plague Foci

Ecology of Yersinia pestis and the Epidemiology of Plague

Climate Changes in Central Asia as a Prerequisite and Trigger of Plague Microbe (Yersinia pestis) Speciation

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