Listeria monocytogenes Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Environmental Persistence: A Review

Matereke, Lavious Tapiwa; Okoh, Anthony I.

doi:10.3390/pathogens9070528

Cited by 88 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Recently, the initial L. monocytogenes MLST scheme was successfully supplemented with an analysis of the genes expressing the proteins of a protein family known as the internalins, which contribute to the virulence of this microorganism-multi-virulent-locus sequence typing (MvLST) [22]. MLST and MvLST are considered great tools for studying L. monocytogenes genotype distribution among animal and human clinical cases, foods, and other sources, as well as for unraveling food-borne outbreaks [2,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

et al. 2021

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Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is amongst the major food-borne pathogens in the world that affect mammal species, including humans. This microorganism has been associated with both sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of human listeriosis worldwide, with high mortality rates. In this study, the main sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs) were investigated in all of the 13 L. monocytogenes strains originating from different sources in the Republic of Serbia in 2004–2019 and that were available in the BIGSdb-Lm database. We found at least 13 STs belonging to the phylogenetic lineages I and II. These strains were represented by ST1/ST3/ST9 of CC1/CC3/CC9, which were common in the majority of the European countries and worldwide, as well as by eight novel STs (ST1232/ST1233/ST1234/ST1235/ST1238/ST1236/ST1237/ST1242) of CC19/CC155/CC5/CC21/CC3/CC315/CC37, and the rare ST32 (clonal complex ST32) and ST734 (CC1), reported in the Republic of Serbia, the EU, for the first time. Our study confirmed the association of CC1 with cases of neuroinfection and abortions among small ruminants, and of CC3 and CC9 with food products of animal origin. The strains isolated in 2019 carried alleles of the internalin genes (inlA/inlB/inlC/inlE) characteristic of the most virulent strains from the hypervirulent CC1. These findings demonstrated the genetic relatedness between L. monocytogenes strains isolated in the Republic of Serbia and worldwide. Our study adds further information about the diversity of the L. monocytogenes genotypes of small ruminants and food products, as the strain distribution in these sources in Serbia had not previously been evaluated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

et al. 2021

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“…In particular, we identified a missense mutation in the inlA gene, which was not previously described and was specifically associated to the outbreak related cases. Internalin ( inlA ) is a surface protein that mediates the entry of the pathogen into various non-phagocytic human eukaryotic cells [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] and plays a key role in the crossing of the intestinal barrier, allowing the bacterium to reach the host bloodstream [ 32 ]. Given these premises, it would be interesting to study the effects of this mutation on the in vitro and in vivo activity of the protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nosocomial Outbreak of Invasive Listeriosis in An Italian Hospital: Epidemiological and Genomic Features

et al. 2021

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Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a widespread opportunistic pathogen that causes the listeriosis foodborne disease. This bacterium has become a common contaminant of handled food, and a relevant public health issue. Here we describe a nosocomial outbreak of listeriosis caused by an ST451 strain of L. monocytogenes involving three cancer and one immunocompromised patients hospitalized in different units from the same hospital during September and October 2020. The epidemiological investigation was conducted using traditional microbiological methodology combined with a whole genome sequencing approach. The source of contamination was identified in the kitchen hospital, where a meat slicer used to prepare patients’ meals was tested positive to the same sequence type (ST) of L. monocytogenes. This is the first report of an outbreak of listeriosis caused by ST451 in Italy.

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“…The Nluc bioluminescence assay detects all phenotypic subpopulations within the growing biofilm, cultivable, viable-but-not cultivable forms and also damaged but not lysed cells. This may be advantageous in evaluation of total biofilm population that includes slowly growing tolerant and persistent cells which are crucial for biofilm persistence ( Matereke and Okoh, 2020 ). Crystal violet stain binds to negative charged molecules in the biofilm biomass and thus detects live and dead cells, as well as the exopolymeric matrix ( Costa et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of NanoLuc Luciferase in Listeria innocua for Development of Biofilm Assay

et al. 2021

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Studies of biofilm formation by bacteria are crucial for understanding bacterial resistance and for development of novel antibacterial strategies. We have developed a new bioluminescence biofilm assay for Listeria innocua, which is considered a non-pathogenic surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes. L. innocua was transformed with a plasmid for inducible expression of NanoLuc luciferase (Nluc). Concentration-dependent bioluminescence signals were obtained over a concentration range of more than three log units. This biofilm assay enables absolute quantification of bacterial cells, with the necessary validation. For biofilm detection and quantification, this “Nluc bioluminescence” method has sensitivity of 1.0 × 104 and 3.0 × 104 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively, with a dynamic range of 1.0 × 104 to 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL. These are accompanied by good precision (coefficient of variation, <8%) and acceptable accuracy (relative error for most samples, <15%). This novel method was applied to assess temporal biofilm formation of L. innocua as a function of concentration of inoculant, in comparison with conventional plating and CFU counting, the crystal violet assay, and the resazurin fluorescence assay. Good correlation (r = 0.9684) of this Nluc bioluminescence assay was obtained with CFU counting. The limitations of this Nluc bioluminescence assay include genetic engineering of bacteria and relatively high cost, while the advantages include direct detection, absolute cell quantification, broad dynamic range, low time requirement, and high sensitivity. Nluc-based detection of L. innocua should therefore be considered as a viable alternative or a complement to existing methods.

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Listeria monocytogenes Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Environmental Persistence: A Review

Cited by 88 publications

References 114 publications

Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

A Nosocomial Outbreak of Invasive Listeriosis in An Italian Hospital: Epidemiological and Genomic Features

Expression of NanoLuc Luciferase in Listeria innocua for Development of Biofilm Assay

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