Lithium secondary battery and electric double layer capacitor using carbon fibers electrode

Endo, Morinobu; Okada, Yukihisa; Nakamura, Hidetoshi

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(89)90468-2

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Electric double-layer capacitors ͑EDLCs͒ have been used as a small scale energy storage device in electronic stationary applications, such as memory back-up devices and solar batteries with a semipermanent charge-discharge life cycle. [1][2][3][4][5] The EDLC device consists of polarized anode and cathode electrodes made of activated carbon, having a large specific surface area, with an aqueous or organic electrolyte. The capacitance ͑F͒ stored in this system is described by Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

Poly(vinylidene chloride)-Based Carbon as an Electrode Material for High Power Capacitors with an Aqueous Electrolyte

Endo

Kim

Takeda

et al. 2001

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The specific capacitance (F/g) of a poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC)-based electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) carbon electrode prepared by heat-treatment at only 700°C shows a capacitance as high as 64 F/g at 1 mA output current density, although it shows a specific surface area of only 700 m2/g, smaller than those of other conventional activated carbon fibers and activated carbons. To elucidate the relationship between the specific capacitance and the pore structure for PVDC-based carbons, from an EDLC practical applications viewpoint, structural characterization was performed using various techniques. PVDC-based carbon had sufficient porosity during the carbonization process without any additional activation process for use as an EDLC electrode. It has been shown that the strongest peak in the pore size distribution is at a diameter around 9 Å. The most probable electrolyte ion sizes, solvated as the hydrated SO42− ions in aqueous solution, have been obtained by computer simulation as 9 Å. This range of electrolyte ion sizes is highly convenient for entering the pores of the present PVDC-based carbons to establish the electric double layer at the pore wall. Furthermore the evolution of Cl2 and HCl during the carbonization of PVDC creates rich open pores with nanometer dimensions connecting to the free surface of the particles in the samples. It is concluded that the higher specific capacitance of PVDC-based carbons, compared to conventional activated carbons in aqueous electronic double-layer capacitors, is due to their optimal pore size distribution. The present precursor has been shown to be a promising material for high power EDLC applications. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

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confidence: 99%

Poly(vinylidene chloride)-Based Carbon as an Electrode Material for High Power Capacitors with an Aqueous Electrolyte

Endo

Kim

Takeda

et al. 2001

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…23 Their huge SSA has made ACFs a good adsorption agent for solvents and gases, and a useful material for making double layer capacitors. 4 Preliminary measurements of the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance, 1 ' 3 photoconductivity, 2 and Raman spectra 5 of ACFs have previously been carried out to obtain insight into the transport mechanism and the role of defects in the transport properties of ACFs. For highly disordered and inhomogeneous materials such as ACFs, it is necessary to characterize their physical properties by several experimental techniques so that the complemena *Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization of heat-treated activated carbon fibers

et al. 1992

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Raman scattering, x-ray diffraction, and BET measurements are used to study the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) and to correlate the structural changes with the metal-insulator transition observed in the electronic transport properties of heat-treated ACFs. A sequence of events is identified, starting with desorption, followed by micropore collapse plus the stacking of basic structural units in the c-direction, and ending up with in-plane crystallization. The graphitization process closely resembles that depicted by Oberlin's model, except that the final material at high-temperature heat treatment remains turbostratic. Because the metal-insulator transition was observed to occur at heat-treatment temperature T m ~ 1200 °C, which is well below the J H T value (2000 °C) for in-plane crystallization, we conclude that this electronic transition is not due to in-plane ordering but rather to the collapse of the micropore structure in the ACFs. Raman scattering also provides strong evidence for the presence of local two-dimensional graphene structures, which is the basis for the transport phenomena observed in heat-treated ACFs.

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“…The transport kinetics is much faster, Diffusion coefficients DLi+ were reported to be lop8 cm2/s for x + 0 and cm2/s for x x 0.7 for coke [172], but lo-" -10-'2cm2/s for graphite [187]. Suppression of staging in the LiC, compound.…”

Section: Donor (D)-qpe Gicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite, Carbonaceous Materials and Organic Solids as Active Electrodes in Metal‐Free Batteries

Beck

1997

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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Lithium secondary battery and electric double layer capacitor using carbon fibers electrode

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Poly(vinylidene chloride)-Based Carbon as an Electrode Material for High Power Capacitors with an Aqueous Electrolyte

Poly(vinylidene chloride)-Based Carbon as an Electrode Material for High Power Capacitors with an Aqueous Electrolyte

Structural characterization of heat-treated activated carbon fibers

Graphite, Carbonaceous Materials and Organic Solids as Active Electrodes in Metal‐Free Batteries

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