Lithographic alignment to site-controlled quantum dots for device integration

Schneider, Christian; Strauß, M.; Sünner, T.; Huggenberger, A.; Wiener, Daniel; Reitzenstein, Stephan; Kamp, M.; Höfling, Sven; Forchel, A.

doi:10.1063/1.2920189

Cited by 106 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A number of works have reported a bare cavity Q in GaAs photonic crystal cavities exceeding 250,000 43,44 , which could potentially enable both efficient on-chip coupling and high cooperativity. Employing regulated quantum dot growth techniques 45,46 in conjunction with local frequency tuning 47 could further open up the possibility to integrate multiple switches on a single semiconductor chip. Ultimately, solid-state quantum phase switches could play an important role in scaling semiconductor quantum devices to more complex quantum systems for applications in quantum networking, computation, and simulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

et al. 2016

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Strong interactions between single spins and photons are essential for quantum networks and distributed quantum computation. They provide the necessary interface for entanglement distribution, non-destructive quantum measurements, and strong photon-photon interactions.Achieving spin-photon interactions in a solid-state device could enable compact chip-integrated quantum circuits operating at gigahertz bandwidths. Many theoretical works have suggested using spins embedded in nanophotonic structures to attain this high-speed interface. These proposals exploit strong light-matter interactions to implement a quantum switch, where the spin flips the state of the photon and a photon flips the spin-state. However, such a switch has not yet been realized using a solid-state spin system. Here, we report an experimental realization of a spin-photon quantum switch using a single solid-state spin embedded in a nanophotonic cavity.We show that the spin-state strongly modulates the cavity reflection coefficient, which conditionally flips the polarization state of a reflected photon on picosecond timescales. We also demonstrate the complementary effect where a single photon reflected from the cavity coherently rotates the spin. These strong spin-photon interactions open up a promising direction for solidstate implementations of high-speed quantum networks and on-chip quantum information processors using nanophotonic devices. In this article we report an experimental demonstration of a quantum phase switch using a single solid-state spin embedded in a nanophotonic cavity. We implement this switch using a spin trapped in a charged quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal defect cavity. We show that the switch applies a spin-dependent phase shift on a reflected photon that rotates its polarization state. We also demonstrate the complementary effect where a single reflected photon applies a  phase shift to one of the spin-states and thereby coherently rotates the spin. These results demonstrate that the quantum switch retains phase coherence, an essential requirement for quantum information applications. We demonstrate switching of photon wavepackets as short as 63 ps, which corresponds to a three orders of magnitude increase in bandwidth over atom-based quantum switches. Our work represents a critical step towards interconnecting multiple solidstate spins using photons for implementing quantum networks and distributed quantum information protocols. Figure 1a The quantum phase switch allows one qubit to conditionally switch the quantum state of the other qubit. We consider the case where the polarization state of the photon encodes quantum information. Since photonic crystal cavities have a single mode with a well-defined polarization, we can express the state of a photon incident on the cavity in the basis states x and y , which denote the polarization states oriented orthogonal and parallel to the cavity mode respectively. OPERATING PRINCIPLEThe quantum state of a right-circularly polarized incident p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

et al. 2016

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“…The maturing site-control technology has naturally led to quantum dot nucleation in registry with marker structures that permit alignment of devices fabricated in subsequent processing steps [37]. This approach has been used for the deterministic integration of quantum dots with top-down devices such as cavities [38][39][40] and gated structures [41], the latter used for electric field tuning of the dot charge state [42] or manipulation of the electron and hole wavefunctions [43,44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed self‐assembly of single quantum dots for telecommunication wavelength optical devices

Dalacu¹,

Reimer

Frédérick

et al. 2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Strong confinement of charges in few electron systems such as in atoms, molecules and quantum dots leads to a spectrum of discrete energy levels that are often shared by several degenerate quantum states. Since the electronic structure is key to understanding their chemical properties, methods that probe these energy levels in situ are important. We show how electrostatic force detection using atomic force microscopy reveals the electronic structure of individual and coupled self-assembled quantum dots. An electron addition spectrum in the Coulomb blockade regime, resulting from a change in cantilever resonance frequency and dissipation during tunneling events, shows one by one electron charging of a dot. The spectra show clear level degeneracies in isolated quantum dots, supported by the first observation of predicted temperature-dependent shifts of Coulomb blockade peaks. Further, by scanning the surface we observe that several quantum dots may reside on what topologically appears to be just one. These images of grouped weakly and strongly coupled dots allow us to estimate their relative coupling strengths.

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“…1. Details on the growth of the site controlled quantum dots can be found in [28,29] and will be briefly reviewed. The single site controlled InAs QDs described in this letter were grown on stacks of two InAs layers to increase the distance of the QD to the regrowth surface and to reduce the detrimental effect of the etched pits in the regrowth surface on the optical properties of the single QDs.…”

Section: Quantum Dot Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible routes to control the QD position in single micropillar structures include high resolution micro photoluminescence (micro--PL) scanning of a planar sample and subsequent device processing with respect to the QDs [26,27]. Yet the fully scalable integration of single QDs in the centre of micropillar resonators is expected to very likely require (445) site controlled QD (SCQD) growth and subsequent device alignment [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Single Quantum Dots

et al. 2009

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This paper summarizes recent progress achieved in the field of semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics with single quantum dots with the focus being on micropillar cavities. Light-matter interaction both in the strong and weak coupling regime is presented. Resonance tuning of the quantum dot by temperature, electric fields and magnetic fields is demonstrated while the strong coupling regime can be reached. Additionally, deterministic device integration of single positioned quantum dots is reported by a combination of site controlled quantum dot growth via directed nucleation and subsequent device alignment to overcome the degree of randomness of the quantum dot position in so far most common quantum dot-cavity systems.

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Lithographic alignment to site-controlled quantum dots for device integration

Cited by 106 publications

References 21 publications

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

Directed self‐assembly of single quantum dots for telecommunication wavelength optical devices

Semiconductor Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Single Quantum Dots

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