Lithographically-Fabricated HA-Incorporated PCL Nanopatterned Patch for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Inspired by the aligned extracellular matrix and bioceramics in human bone tissue, we investigated the relative contributions of nanotopography and equine bone powders (EBPs) with human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to the osteogenesis. Both nanotopography and EBPs independently promoted the osteogenesis of DPSCs, osteogenesis was further promoted by the two factors in combination, indicating the importance of synergistic design factor of guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane. The osteogenesis of DPSCs was affected by the polycaprolactone-based nanotopography of parallel nanogrooves as well as EBPs coating. Interestingly, both nanopattern and EBPs affected the DPSCs morphologies; nanopattern led to cell elongation and EBPs led to cell spreading and clustering. Analysis of the DPSCs-substrate interaction, DPSCs-EBPs interaction suggests that the combined environment of both factors play a crucial role in mediating osteogenic phenotype. This simple method to achieve a suitable environment for osteogenesis via nanotopography and EBPs coating modulation may be regarded as a promising technique for GBR/GTR membranes, which widely used dental and maxillofacial surgery applications.

Advances in Modification Methods Based on Biodegradable Membranes in Guided Bone/Tissue Regeneration: A Review

“…The addition of EBPs improved the hydrophilicity of the PCL membranes and facilitated cell diffusion and aggregation, while the nano grooves facilitated cell elongation. The growth and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were enhanced by the synergistic effects of EBPs and nanopatterning; this is considered an effective method to boost the growth capacity of cells [43]. One drawback of PCL is its relatively low level of bioactivity that inhibits cell adhesion and growth.…”

“…Ye et al found that a higher electrospinning solution density increased the precipitation of Sr-CAP nanoparticles and increased the surface roughness of PCL/chitosan membranes [ 80 ]. In addition, to combat the drawbacks of the low bioactivity of PCL, Jang et al utilized the nano grooves to facilitate cell elongation [ 43 ]. The change of membrane mechanical strength depends on the distribution of nanoparticles, fiber diameter, and the interaction between nanoparticles and polymers [ 78 ].…”

“… The preparation of equine bone powder (EBP)-coated polycaprolactone (PCL) nano-patterned patches, reprinted from Ref. [ 43 ]. …”

Reduced graphene oxide-incorporated calcium phosphate cements with pulsed electromagnetic fields for bone regeneration

“…, hydroxyapatite (HA), dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and α or β-tricalcium phosphate (α or β-TCP) have been utilized as bone substitutes. 5–11 In addition, natural sources, e.g. , sintered animal bones and clamshells, were also used in CPCs due to their similarity with native human bone.…”

“…4 To date, synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials and bioactive glasses, i.e., hydroxyapatite (HA), dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and a or b-tricalcium phosphate (a or b-TCP) have been utilized as bone substitutes. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In addition, natural sources, e.g., sintered animal bones and clamshells, were also used in CPCs due to their similarity with native human bone. They frequently used porcine, 12 bovine, 13 chicken, 14 and horse bone.…”