Live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Current status and future direction

Renukaradhya, Gourapura J.; Meng, Xiang‐Jin; Calvert, Jay G.; Roof, Michael B.; Lager, Kelly M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.092

Cited by 142 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Despite substantial efforts to study and control PRRS, no production or vaccination regimen has demonstrated sustaining success (Renukaradhya et al, 2015a(Renukaradhya et al, , 2015b. This is likely in part due to the PRRSV poor induction of protective immune response, allowing for PRRSV replication, spread, and persistence in infected populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonizing cytokine-mediated JAK-STAT signaling by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Yang

Zhang

2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is activated by myriad cytokines, which are involved in regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immunity and inflammatory response. Because of its significance in immune response, JAK-STAT pathway is often targeted by pathogens, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). PRRSV causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disease in pigs of all ages. A typical feature of the immune response to PRRSV infection in pigs is delayed production and low titer of virus neutralizing antibodies, and weak cell-mediated immune response. One of the possible reasons for the weak protective immune response is that PRRSV interferes with cytokine-mediated JAK-STAT signaling. PRRSV inhibits interferon-activated JAK-STAT signaling by blocking nuclear translocation of STAT1 and STAT2. The mechanism is that PRRSV non-structural protein 1β (nsp1β) induces degradation of karyopherin α1 (KPNA1), a critical adaptor in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. PRRSV also antagonizes IL6-activated JAK-STAT3 signaling via inducing degradation of STAT3. In this review, we briefly introduce JAK-STAT signaling, summarize the PRRSV interference with it, and provide perspective on the perturbation in the context of PRRSV-elicited immune response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonizing cytokine-mediated JAK-STAT signaling by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Yang

Zhang

2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…PRRS is one of the most economically devastating swine diseases, causing substantial animal losses and medication expenses [35, 36]. In Denmark, the costs of PRRS are estimated to be between €4 and €139 per sow, per year [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and eradication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 using a modified-live type 2 vaccine in combination with a load, close, homogenise model: an area elimination study

Rathkjen

Dall²

2017

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant animal and economic losses worldwide. The infection is difficult to control and PRRSV elimination at local level requires coordinated intervention among multiple farms. This case study describes a successful elimination of PRRSV from all 12 herds on the Horne Peninsula, Denmark, using a combination of load, close, homogenise (LCH) using PRRSV type 2 modified-live vaccine, optimised pig flow, and’10 Golden Rules’ (10GR) for biosecurity management. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first successful European PRRSV area elimination project documented in detail. The PRRSV type 2 modified-live vaccine was used as part of the LCH method in breeding herds. Complete or partial depopulation was performed in some infected herds. A simplified biosecurity protocol (10GR) based on the McREBEL™ system of pig flow management, was employed in all herds and at all times throughout the study.ResultsAt study commencement, all herds were infected with PRRSV, and most were actively shedding virus. In just over 18 months, all 12 herds on the Horne Peninsula were confirmed to be PRRSV negative by polymerase chain reaction testing and negative for antibodies against PRRSV by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay testing. All herds were subsequently obtained ‘Specific Pathogen Free’ status for PRRSV.ConclusionsThis study provides compelling evidence suggesting that an area elimination plan combining LCH with PRRSV type 2 vaccination, optimised pig flow, and 10GR for biosecurity management can effectively eliminate PRRSV from a geographic area. Additionally this study confirms the value of a previously unpublished, simplified alternative to the McREBEL system for controlling PRRSV.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-016-0270-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The coexistence of distinct PRRSV isolates in Chinese swine herds makes it very complicate to effectively prevent and control the diseases. Commercial PRRSV modified live vaccines (MLV) may provide satisfied protection against homologous PRRSV infection; however, the cross‐protection against heterologous PRRSV infection is very limited (Bai et al, ; Renukaradhya, Meng, Calvert, Roof, & Lager, ; Zhou et al, ). Therefore, reliable and convenient differential detection method is crucial to adopt effective control strategies such as the selection of phylogenetically related vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of universal and quadruplex real‐time RT‐PCR assays for simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses

Chen

Xiao

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) and 2 (PRRSV2) (including 3 major subtypes: classical (CA‐PRRSV2), highly pathogenic (HP‐PRRSV2) and NADC30‐like (NL‐PRRSV2)) are currently coexisting in Chinese swine herds but with distinct virulence. Reliable detection and differentiation assays are crucial to monitor the prevalence of PRRSV and to adopt effective control strategies. However, current diagnostic methods cannot simultaneously differentiate the four major groups of PRRSV in China. In this study, universal and quadruplex real‐time RT‐PCR assays using TaqMan‐MGB probes were developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Chinese PRRSV isolates. The newly developed real‐time RT‐PCR assays exhibited good specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the newly developed real‐time RT‐PCR assays were further validated by comparing with a universal PRRSV conventional RT‐PCR assay on the detection of 664 clinical samples collected from 2016 to 2019 in China. Based on the clinical performance, the agreements between the universal and quadruplex real‐time RT‐PCR assays and the conventional RT‐PCR assay were 99.55% and 99.40%, respectively. Totally 90 samples were detected as PRRSV‐positive, including 2 samples that were determined to be co‐infected with NL‐PRRSV2 and HP‐PRRSV2 isolates by the quadruplex real‐time RT‐PCR assay. ORF5 sequencing confirmed the real‐time RT‐PCR results that 2, 6, 27 and 57 of the 92 sequences were PRRSV1, CA‐PRRSV2, NL‐PRRSV2 and HP‐PRRSV2, respectively. This study provides promising alternative tools for simultaneous detection and differentiation of PRRSV circulating in Chinese swine herds.

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Live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Current status and future direction

Cited by 142 publications

References 128 publications

Antagonizing cytokine-mediated JAK-STAT signaling by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Antagonizing cytokine-mediated JAK-STAT signaling by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Control and eradication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 using a modified-live type 2 vaccine in combination with a load, close, homogenise model: an area elimination study

Development of universal and quadruplex real‐time RT‐PCR assays for simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses

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