Local and cis Effects of the H Element on Expression of Odorant Receptor Genes in Mouse

Fuss, Stefan H.; Omura, Masayo; Mombaerts, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.023

Cited by 171 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…This result lends support to the second and/or third possibility, but further experiments will be required to distinguish them. In addition to the mechanisms proposed in OR gene selection and stabilization (Fuss et al, 2007;Lewcock and Reed, 2004;Lomvardas et al, 2006;Nguyen et al, 2007;Serizawa et al, 2003;Shykind et al, 2004), the current study reveals an activity-dependent mechanism in ensuring and maintaining that one cell expresses only receptor in a subset of sensory neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The underlying mechanism is under extensive investigation and likely involves several hierarchical steps from the initial OR selection to silencing other ORs (Fuss et al, 2007;Lomvardas et al, 2006;Nguyen et al, 2007). It has been reported that stabilizing an OR choice in individual neurons requires a negative feedback triggered by the receptor protein, especially encoded by a functional OR gene (Lewcock and Reed, 2004;Serizawa et al, 2003;Shykind et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity plays a role in eliminating olfactory sensory neurons expressing multiple odorant receptors in the mouse septal organ

Tian

2008

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

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A fundamental belief in the field of olfaction is that each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses only one odorant receptor (OR) type. Here we report that coexpression of multiple receptors in single neurons does occur at a low frequency. This was tested by double in situ hybridization in the septal organ in which greater than 90% of the sensory neurons express one of nine identified ORs. Notably, the coexpression frequency is nearly ten times higher in newborn than in young adult mice, suggesting a reduction of the sensory neurons with multiple ORs during postnatal development. In addition, such reduction is prevented by four-week sensory deprivation or impaired apoptosis. Furthermore, the high coexpression frequency is restored following four-week naris closure performed in young adult mice. The results indicate that activity induced by sensory inputs plays a role in ensuring the one cell-one receptor rule in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity plays a role in eliminating olfactory sensory neurons expressing multiple odorant receptors in the mouse septal organ

Tian

2008

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

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“…We have identified OR genes in other primates that have been lost from the human genome, and vice versa. In addition, it is possible that the fission event and subsequent structural changes have divorced these OR genes from their original regulatory context, which might have altered the relative expression of the intact genes, as expression of some OR genes is known to require interaction with an enhancer that lies up to 2 Mb away (Serizawa et al 2003;Fuss et al 2007). However, we showed previously that gene I is transcribed from multiple human subtelomeres report that OR genes D, E, F, G, and U are expressed in human olfactory epithelium (genes H-K were not included on their microarray used to assay expression in this tissue).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative sequence analysis of primate subtelomeres originating from a chromosome fission event

Rudd

Endicott²,

Friedman³

et al. 2008

Genome Res.

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Subtelomeres are concentrations of interchromosomal segmental duplications capped by telomeric repeats at the ends of chromosomes. The nature of the segments shared by different sets of human subtelomeres reflects their high rate of recent interchromosomal exchange. Here, we characterize the rearrangements incurred by the 15q subtelomere after it arose from a chromosome fission event in the common ancestor of great apes. We used FISH, sequencing of genomic clones, and PCR to map the breakpoint of this fission and track the fate of flanking sequence in human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and macaque genomes. The ancestral locus, a cluster of olfactory receptor (OR) genes, lies internally on macaque chromosome 7. Sequence originating from this fission site is split between the terminus of 15q and the pericentromere of 14q in the great apes. Numerous structural rearrangements, including interstitial deletions and transfers of material to or from other subtelomeres, occurred subsequent to the fission, such that each species has a unique 15q structure and unique collection of ORs derived from the fission locus. The most striking rearrangement involved transfer of at least 200 kb from the fission-site region to the end of chromosome 4q, where much still resides in chimpanzee and gorilla, but not in human. This gross structural difference places the subtelomeric defect underlying facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) much closer to the telomere in human 4q than in the hybrid 4q-15q subtelomere of chimpanzee.[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org. The sequence data from this study have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. AC188481, AC183330, AC150715, AC149242, AC148620, AC148535, AC173434, AC186245, AC205763, AC150448, AC183669, AC197422.]Subtelomeres are composed of interchromosomally duplicated sequences situated near the ends of chromosomes just proximal of telomeric repeats (Mefford and Trask 2002). Roughly half of the subtelomeric sequence in the human genome has moved or changed copy number since human and chimpanzee diverged (Linardopoulou et al. 2005). Due to this recent change, most subtelomeric duplications show variation in chromosomal location and copy number in the human population. Assays of the content of subtelomeres in other primates by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have revealed significant differences among species (Kingsley et al. 1997;Trask et al. 1998;Martin et al. 2002;van Geel et al. 2002b;Linardopoulou et al. 2005). However, no study has yet traced the evolution of a given subtelomere in primates by comparative analyses at the sequence level.The evolution of subtelomeres is "reticulate" (Jackson et al. 2005;Huson and Bryant 2006). Recurrent shuffling of material among ends makes it difficult to distinguish structures that are identical by descent from the shared presence (or absence) of particular sequences. Gene conversion-like transfers between duplicated segments can obfuscate the timing of the original duplication. In order to reconstru...

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“…Each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) most likely expresses a single OR gene, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood (Serizawa et al, 2003;Lewcock and Reed, 2004;Shykind et al, 2004;Lomvardas et al, 2006;Fuss et al, 2007). All OSNs expressing the same OR converge their axons onto one or a few specific glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (Mombaerts, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential development of odorant receptor expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium: A quantitative analysis in the mouse septal organ

Tian

2008

Developmental Neurobiology

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The rodent olfactory epithelium expresses more than 1000 odorant receptors (ORs) with distinct patterns, yet it is unclear how such patterns are established during development. In the current study, we investigated development of the expression patterns of different ORs in the septal organ, a small patch of olfactory epithelium predominantly expressing nine identified ORs. The presumptive septal organ first appears at about embryonic day 16 (E16) and it completely separates from the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) at about postnatal day 7 (P7). Using in situ hybridization, we quantified the densities of the septal organ neurons labeled by specific RNA probes of the nine abundant OR genes from E16 to postnatal 3 months. The results indicate that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing different ORs have asynchronous temporal onsets. For instance, MOR256-17 and MOR236-1 cells are present in the septal organ at E16; however, MOR0-2 cells do not appear until P0. In addition, OSNs expressing different ORs show distinct developmental courses and reach their maximum densities at different stages ranging from E16 (e.g. MOR256-17) to 1 month (e.g. MOR256-3 and MOR235-1). Furthermore, early onset does not correlate with high abundance in adult. This study reveals a dynamic composition of the OSNs expressing different ORs in the developing olfactory epithelium.

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Local and cis Effects of the H Element on Expression of Odorant Receptor Genes in Mouse

Cited by 171 publications

References 41 publications

Activity plays a role in eliminating olfactory sensory neurons expressing multiple odorant receptors in the mouse septal organ

Activity plays a role in eliminating olfactory sensory neurons expressing multiple odorant receptors in the mouse septal organ

Comparative sequence analysis of primate subtelomeres originating from a chromosome fission event

Differential development of odorant receptor expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium: A quantitative analysis in the mouse septal organ

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