Localized surface plasmon resonances in graphene ribbon arrays for sensing of dielectric environment at infrared frequencies

Vasić, Borislav; Isić, Goran; Gajić, Radoš

doi:10.1063/1.4773474

Cited by 135 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…112,113 Alternatively, nanoscale graphene structures, such as ribbons or disks, can allow for coupling into localized plasmonic modes, and such structures have been proposed and initially demonstrated for THz and mid-IR frequencies. 99,100,[114][115][116] The low-loss and strongly bound graphene plasmon has significant potential (a) (b) (c) for mid-IR applications, in particular benefiting from extremely strongly enhanced fields. But perhaps as appealing as the characteristics of the graphene plasmon is the potential for developing tunable plasmonic structures in the IR.…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of mid-infrared plasmonic materials

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The field of plasmonics has the potential to enable unique applications in the midinfrared (IR) wavelength range. However, as is the case regardless of wavelength, the choice of plasmonic material has significant implications for the ultimate utility of any plasmonic device or structure. In this manuscript, we review the wide range of available plasmonic and phononic materials for mid-IR wavelengths, looking in particular at transition metal nitrides, transparent conducting oxides, silicides, doped semiconductors, and even newer plasmonic materials such as graphene. We also include in our survey materials with strong mid-IR phonon resonances, such as GaN, GaP, SiC, and the perovskite SrTiO 3 , all of which can support plasmon-like modes over limited wavelength ranges. We will discuss the suitability of each of these plasmonic and phononic materials, as well as the more traditional noble metals for a range of structures and applications and will discuss the potential and limitations of alternative plasmonic materials at these IR wavelengths.

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Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of mid-infrared plasmonic materials

et al. 2015

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“…Probably the most interesting properties of graphene are found at electromagnetic waves of the THz frequency range [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Thanks to the strongly inductive character of graphene's conductivity, it is able to support surface-plasmon waves at wavelengths two orders of magnitude larger than the noble metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Frequency and polarization selectivity of graphene strip gratings

Zinenko¹,

Matsushima

Nosich

2015

2015 European Microwave Conference (EuMC)

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We consider the scattering and absorption by infinite flat graphene strip gratings in a dielectric slab in the THz range. Both the H and E-polarization regimes are analyzed. Accurate numerical treatment is based on the use of singular integral equations and projection to orthogonal polynomials. The resulting numerical algorithm possesses guaranteed convergence and controlled accuracy of computations including the natural resonances. Reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance by the graphene-strip gratings are studied; surface-plasmon standingwave resonances on strips are quantified in the H-polarization case. The potentialities of the polarization discrimination between the E-polarization and H-polarization cases are discussed.

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“…As graphene layer doped with more carrier densities, resonance features with electron-hole pair transition occur under photon absorption with higher energy, resulting in a resonance blue-shift. This attributes to the intrinsic property of graphene and therefore independent with graphene structures [47,53]. The absorption enhancement can be explained by considering that in the absence of 8 quenching, increasing the number of carriers effectively increases the probability of virtual electron-hole pair transition by photon absorption.…”

Section: (B) and 4(c)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Affine Graphene Metasurfaces for Tunable Broadband Absorption

Papasimakis

Tsai

2016

Phys. Rev. Applied

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Graphene has emerged as a promising platform for THz metasurfaces supporting electrically tunable deep-subwavelength plasmonic excitations. Here, we introduce a broadband graphene metasurface based on the Hilbert curve, a continuous, space-filling fractal. We demonstrate enhancement of graphene absorption over a broad frequency band (0.5-60 THz) with an average absorption level exceeding 20%. Owing to the continuous nature of the metasurface patterns, both absorption level and bandwidth can be controlled electrically by varying the graphene charge carrier concentration.Keywords: graphene plasmonics, fractal metasurfaces, broadband absorber 2 Structuring materials [1][2][3][4] at the subwavelength scale has led to the emergence of metamaterials [5][6][7], a paradigm shift in the design of artificial electromagnetic materials [8] resulting in technologically important, as well as exotic, applications, including perfect lenses [9], transformation optics and invisibility cloaks [10], and perfect absorbers [11]. The properties of metamaterials largely arise from resonant dispersion; hence material loss restricts the strength [12] and bandwidth of the metamaterial response [13].In particular, with respect to perfect absorbers, various schemes have been suggested in order to achieve strong absorption in gigahertz [14] [25]. However, such methods often result in complex, bulky configurations, with little tunability. Graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms, provides an appealing alternative: owing to its band structure, graphene supports plasmonic excitations at the deep sub-wavelength scale [26]. Plasmonic resonators can be realized by structuring graphene at the nanoscale [27][28][29], which can then be employed to construct graphene metasurfaces targeting the THz part of the spectrum [30][31][32][33][34]. At the same time the high sensitivity of the electromagnetic properties of graphene to the charge carrier [35] concentration provides means of electrical control of plasmons [36][37][38]. In 3 addition to tunability, graphene as a plasmonic material allows to strongly confine electromagnetic radiation to much smaller physical volumes compared to typical metals.For example, the plasmon wavelength for graphene is about 50 times smaller than the free-space wavelength, while for noble metals this is an order of magnitude smaller [26,29]. Such strong field confinement allows people to realize very complex graphene structures while retaining a subwavelength footprint. Graphene exhibits broadband nonlinearities and high thermal conductivity, whereas its atomic thickness facilitates device integration.Here, we introduce fractal graphene metasurfaces as tunable, broadband THz absorbers of monoatomic thickness (see Fig. 1(a)). We demonstrate multifold enhancement of absorption over an extremely broad frequency band, where average absorption levels exceed 20% from 0.5 to 60 THz in strongly doped graphene. We show that the absorption band is strongly dependent on the charge carrier concentration enabling dynamic electrosta...

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Localized surface plasmon resonances in graphene ribbon arrays for sensing of dielectric environment at infrared frequencies

Cited by 135 publications

References 43 publications

Review of mid-infrared plasmonic materials

Review of mid-infrared plasmonic materials

Frequency and polarization selectivity of graphene strip gratings

Self-Affine Graphene Metasurfaces for Tunable Broadband Absorption

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