Logical-rules and the classification of integral dimensions: individual differences in the processing of arbitrary dimensions

Blunden, Anthea G.; Wang, Tony; Griffiths, David; Little, Daniel R.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01531

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(172 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because this is technically an information-integration task, we expected that participants without experience with morphed face dimensions would approach a novel categorization task using a procedural learning strategy 1 . On the other hand, previous research suggests that extensive categorization training produces a separable-dimension structure in morphed face stimuli (Blunden et al, 2015;Goldstone & Steyvers, 2001;. For this reason, we expected that participants exposed to such extensive categorization training would show performance in transfer tests indicative of rule learning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Morphed face stimuli lack the separable-dimension structure required for learning of unidimensional rules and are instead better described as integral dimensions (Blunden et al, 2015;Goldstone & Steyvers, 2001;, each comprising a variety of shape changes that must be integrated at a pre-decisional stage during categorization (Ashby & Gott, 1988). That is, although participants in the ID-new condition from our previous experiments had to learn a "unidimensional" rule (see Figure 2), the category-relevant and categoryirrelevant dimensions are not initially perceived as separate dimensions that can be selectively attended.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, previous research suggests that morphed dimensions in general are integral. Goldstone & Steyvers (2001) found a Garner interference effect using their morphed face stimuli, and Blunden et al (2015) found that multidimensional scaling modeling of similarity ratings obtained from those stimuli were fitted better by an euclidean metric (known to be related to integral dimensions) than by a city-block metric (known to be related to separable dimensions; see Garner, 1974;Soto & Wasserman, 2010b). Folstein et al (2012) found that orthogonal and diagonal boundaries are learned equally well with stimuli varying along morphed car dimensions, which is usually found with integral but not separable dimensions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, we took two dimensions created this way and morphed each of their levels to obtain a two-dimensional space. A wealth of evidence suggests that dimensions created this way are integral (Blunden et al, 2015;Folstein et al, 2012;Goldstone & Steyvers, 2001;, meaning that before any training they cannot be extracted from the stimuli and selectively attended. In particular, the specific morphed face dimensions illustrated in Figure 1, and used in the present study, have been previously shown to be perceptually integral ahead of training according to a variety of tests (see .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Novel representations that support rule-based categorization are acquired on-the-fly during category learning

Soto

Ashby

2019

Psychological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans learn categorization rules that are aligned with separable dimensions through a rulebased learning system, which makes learning faster and easier to generalize than categorization rules that require integration of information from different dimensions. Recent research suggests that learning to categorize objects along a completely novel dimension changes its perceptual representation, making it more separable and discriminable. Here we asked whether such newly learned dimensions could support rule-based category learning. One group received extensive categorization training and a second group did not receive such training. Later, both groups were trained in a task that made use of the category-relevant dimension, and then tested in an analogical transfer task (Experiment 1) and a button-switch interference task (Experiment 2). We expected that only the group with extensive pre-training (with well-learned dimensional representations) would show evidence of rule-based behavior in these tasks. Surprisingly, both groups performed as expected from rule-based learning. A third experiment tested whether a single session (less than one hour) of training in a categorization task would facilitate learning in a task requiring executive function. There was a substantial learning advantage for a group with brief pre-training with the relevant dimension. We hypothesize that extensive experience with separable dimensions is not required for rule-based category learning; rather, the rulebased system may learn representations "on the fly" that allow rule application. We discuss what kind of neurocomputational model might explain these data best.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Novel representations that support rule-based categorization are acquired on-the-fly during category learning

Soto

Ashby

2019

Psychological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The change from coactive to parallel processing might reflect changes in more automatic processing whereas the change from parallel to serial processing might reflect the use of a more controlled attentional strategy (Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977). These controlled strategies implicate serial processing as an explanation for the role of selective attention in more cognitive tasks such as categorization (Blunden, Wang, Griffiths, & Little, 2015;Fific et al, 2010;Lamberts, 2000;Little, Nosofsky, & Denton, 2011;Little, Nosofsky, Donkin, & Denton, 2013). …”

Section: Decision Processes In Detecting Redundant Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective attention modulates the effect of target location probability on redundant signal processing

Chang

Little

Yang

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the decision process underlying the detection of targets at multiple locations. In three experiments using the same observers, target location probability and attentional instructions were manipulated. A redundanttarget detection task was conducted in which participants were required to detect a dot presented at one of two locations. When the dot appeared at the two locations with equal frequency (Experiment 1), those participants who were found to have limited to unlimited capacity were shown to adopt a parallel, self-terminating strategy. By contrast, those participants who had supercapacity were shown to process redundant targets in a coactive manner. When targets were presented with unequal probability, two participants adopted a parallel, self-terminating strategy regardless of whether they were informed the target location probability (Experiment 3) or not (Experiment 2). For the remaining two participants, the strategy changed from parallel, self-terminating to serial, selfterminating as a result of the probability instructions. In Experiments 2 and 3, all the participants were of unlimited to limited capacity. Taken together, these results suggest that target location probability differently affects the selection of a decision strategy and highlight the role of controlled attention in selecting a decision strategy.

show abstract

Uncovering Mental Architecture and Related Mechanisms in Elementary Human Perception, Cognition, and Action

Townsend

Wenger

Houpt

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter is a tutorial on and review of a theory‐driven, quantitative approach to studying human information processing systems. Key properties in such systems comprise mental architecture, workload capacity, decisional stopping rules, and several varieties of independence, among others. We outline the early history of such interests, which began in the 19th century and then were reopened in the 1960s. We point out the hazards due to the frequent ability of even mathematically specified models to mimic each other's experimental predictions. Next, we show how the deepest properties of distinct psychological principles can, through what we term “meta‐theory,” be engaged to prove powerful theorems regarding model distinctions and transferred to incisive experimental designs that avoid the dilemma of model mimicry. This meta‐theory and its associated experimental designs have been implemented to address a wide variety of theoretical and empirical questions regarding attention, perception, psychophysics, memory processes, decision making, and categorization. This range of implementations—running from basic science to applied arenas such as clinical pathologies and human factors research—underscores the generality and potency of this approach.

show abstract

Logical-rules and the classification of integral dimensions: individual differences in the processing of arbitrary dimensions

Cited by 29 publications

References 94 publications

Novel representations that support rule-based categorization are acquired on-the-fly during category learning

Novel representations that support rule-based categorization are acquired on-the-fly during category learning

Selective attention modulates the effect of target location probability on redundant signal processing

Uncovering Mental Architecture and Related Mechanisms in Elementary Human Perception, Cognition, and Action

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About