Long-term characterization of carbonaceous aerosol in Uji, Japan

Höller, Robert; Tohno, Susumu; Kasahara, Mikio; Hitzenberger, R.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00558-1

Cited by 64 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This percentage is much less than those (38 -86%) measured in many areas worldwide including Tokyo, Nagoya, Sapporo, Uji, and remote sites in Japan and is similar to percentages determined in Long Beach, CA, and in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 28 At the urban site, the EC fraction of TC was lower than in other cities, but the measured concentration of EC was much higher. Because of its light-absorbing feature, EC was undoubtedly one of the major factors causing visibility reduction in Beijing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China

Yang

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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One-week integrated fine particulate matter (i.e., particles Ͻ2.5 m in diameter; PM 2.5 ) samples were collected continuously with a low-flow rate sampler at a downtown site and 18%, respectively, higher than those at Chegongzhuang, which could be attributed to different local emissions of primary carbonaceous particles and gaseous precursors of SOC, as well as different summer photochemical intensities between the two locations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China

Yang

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The number of days with data is limited, because of periodic malfunctioning of the monitor combined with a low frequency of servicing (limited to once or twice a week). As a matter of fact we experienced the same complications as mentioned by Holler et al (2002) operating the instrument at a seemingly quite similar suburban setting. The most severe problems encountered were leaking valves and failure of the lamps used for heating.…”

Section: Field Testingmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In the second oxidation step, at a temperature of 750 1C, EC is determined. A more detailed description of the instrument and its longterm performance as a monitor can be found in Holler et al (2002).…”

Section: Acpm and Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to monitor the fraction of elemental carbon in the ultrafine aerosol

Brink

Hoek

Khlystov

2005

Atmospheric Environment

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Attempts were made to measure the fraction of elemental carbon (EC) in ultrafine aerosol by modifying an Ambient Carbonaceous Particulate Monitor (ACPM, R&P 5400). The main modification consisted in placing a quartz filter in one of the sampling lines of this dual-channel instrument. With the filter all aerosol and EC contained in it is collected, while in the other line of the instrument the standard impactor samples only particles larger than 0.14 mm. The fraction of EC in particles smaller than 0.14 mm is derived from the difference in concentration as measured via the two sampling lines.Measurements with the modified instrument were made at a suburban site in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. An apparent adsorption artefact, which could not be eliminated by the use of denuders, precluded meaningful evaluation of the data for total carbon. Blanks in the measurements of EC were negligible and the EC data were hence further evaluated. We found that the concentration of EC obtained via the channel with the impactor was systematically lower than that in the filter-line. The average ratio of the concentrations was close to 0.6, which indicates that approximately 40% of the EC was in particles smaller than 0.14 mm. Alternative explanations for the difference in the concentration in the two sampling lines could be excluded, such as a difference in the extent of oxidation. This should be a function of loading, which is not the case. Another reason for the difference could be that less material is collected by the impactor due to rebound, but such bounce of aerosol is very unlikely in The Netherlands due to co-deposition of abundant deliquesced and thus viscous ammonium compounds. The conclusion is that a further modification to assess the true fraction of ultrafine EC, by installing an impactor with cut-off diameter at 0.1 mm, would be worth pursuing. r

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“…Data from particular experiments dealing with BC particle size distributions are available in the literature (Hitzenberger and Tohno, 2001;Kozlov et al, 2002;Höler et al, 2002;Delene and Ogren, 2002). Their results indicate that particles with radii of 0.1-0.12 μm contain the largest amount of BC and that the relative BC content decreases with particle size.…”

Section: Long-term Observations Of Vertical Profiles Of Tropospheric mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical profiles of optical and microphysical characteristics of tropospheric aerosol from aircraft measurements

Panchenko

Zhuravleva

2016

Light Scattering Reviews 10

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According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the current lowest level of scientific understanding in estimates of radiative forcings of different atmospheric constituents is assigned to aerosols (Forster et al., 2007;Hansen et al., 2005), primarily due to a few factors.The first factor is associated with the difficulty in obtaining accurate quantitative information on the required parameters and is caused by (i) strong spatiotemporal variations of the sources and sinks of aerosol particles, (ii) relatively short lifetimes (approximately 7 days) in the troposphere in contrast to greenhouse gases, requiring far more detailed knowledge of their spatiotemporal variations, and (iii) the difficulty in performing synchronous measurements of the scattering and absorbing properties of aerosols for studying their vertical and horizontal distributions.The second complex problem is associated with the multiform impact of atmospheric aerosols on Earth's radiation budget, which is manifested by both direct and indirect aerosol effects (Haywood and Boucher, 2000).The direct aerosol effect is the contribution to the cooling (heating) of the atmosphere by aerosol particles, which scatter (absorb) the solar radiation in the atmosphere. Thus, the net effect depends on the relationship between the scattering and absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric column (Penner et al., 2003;Haywood and Ramaswamy, 1998). The indirect aerosol effects are more complex (Twomey, 1977b;Albrecht, 1989;Johnson et al., 2004). The aerosol particles, acting as condensation nuclei, determine the amount of cloud droplets and their microstructure, thus affecting both the optical properties of clouds and their lifetime in the atmosphere. Low-level clouds, as a rule, play a cooling factor role, while clouds at high altitudes can cause a cooling effect, as well as the intensification of atmospheric heating. Another problem is estimating the radiation effects caused by the presence of absorbing aerosol between cloud particles.Still another aspect of the indirect aerosol effect is associated with the sedimentation and settling of aerosol (primarily black carbon (BC)) particles, causing a change in the reflectance (albedo) of the underlying surface. The effect of this process is most significant for the northern territories, where the supply of absorbSpringer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 ©

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Long-term characterization of carbonaceous aerosol in Uji, Japan

Cited by 64 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China

Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China

An approach to monitor the fraction of elemental carbon in the ultrafine aerosol

Vertical profiles of optical and microphysical characteristics of tropospheric aerosol from aircraft measurements

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Long-term characterization of carbonaceous aerosol in Uji, Japan

Cited by 64 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM2.5 in Beijing, China

Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM2.5 in Beijing, China

An approach to monitor the fraction of elemental carbon in the ultrafine aerosol

Vertical profiles of optical and microphysical characteristics of tropospheric aerosol from aircraft measurements

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Product

Resources

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Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China

Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China