Long-term development of acid deposition (1880–2030) in sensitive freshwater regions in Europe

Schöpp, Wolfgang; Posch, Maximilian; Mylona, Sophia; Johansson, Matti

doi:10.5194/hess-7-436-2003

Cited by 241 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the 1990s, surface waters in Europe showed the first signs of recovery in response to lower levels of acid deposition; SO 4 2-concentrations decreased, pH levels and ANC concentrations increased, and concentrations of Al n+ decreased (10, 11; Figure 1). By 2000, sulfur deposition had decreased by >50% and nitrogen by ~20% (12). Further decreases are predicted for the next 20 years if the Gothenburg Protocol and other national legislation are implemented ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Establishing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And how long will the recovery take? Models for acidification of soil and water are required to address these questions (12). Two such models are Model for Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC; 13) and Simulation Model for Acidification's Regional Trends (SMART; 14).…”

Section: Modeling and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rise and fall of emissions in Europe over the period 1880-2030 as estimated by Schöpp et al (12 ). Units are megatonne/yr of SO 2 (black), NO 2 (green), and NH 3 (pink).…”

Section: Sulfur and Nitrogen Emissions In Europe (1880-2030)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, although sulfur deposition has caused most surface-water acidification across Europe, nitrogen is also an important component. On a molar basis, nitrogen deposition in Europe is nearly as large as that of sulfur and has become more important because sulfur emissions have decreased much more rapidly than nitrogen emissions (12). In contrast to sulfur, nitrogen is usually strongly retained in terrestrial ecosystems; typically <10% is leached in runoff, mostly as NO 3 -, which can acidify soil and water just like SO 4 2-.…”

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regional mean nonmarine sulfur deposition in 1980 is given, and percent reductions in 2000 and 2016 (relative to 1980) used in the model simulations are also shown (12 hind improvements in water quality. Organisms require time to migrate back into restored habitats, and populations must adjust to new arrivals.…”

Section: Modeling Acid-sensitive Surface Waters In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Recovery of Acidified European Surface Waters

Wright¹,

Larssen²,

Camarero³

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

119

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Section: Establishing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rise and fall of emissions in Europe over the period 1880-2030 as estimated by Schöpp et al (12 ). Units are megatonne/yr of SO 2 (black), NO 2 (green), and NH 3 (pink).…”

Section: Sulfur and Nitrogen Emissions In Europe (1880-2030)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Acid-sensitive Surface Waters In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Recovery of Acidified European Surface Waters

Wright¹,

Larssen²,

Camarero³

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

119

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Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

Davies

Tipping

Rowe

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Models are needed to understand how plant-soil nutrient stores and fluxes have responded to the last two centuries of widespread anthropogenic nutrient pollution and predict future change. These models need to integrate across carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P) cycles and simulate changes over suitable timescales using available driving data. It is also vital that they are constrainable against observed data to provide confidence in their outputs. To date, no models address all of these requirements. To meet this need, a new model, N14CP, is introduced, which is initially applied to Northern Hemisphere temperate and boreal ecosystems over the Holocene. N14CP is parameterized and tested using 88 northern Europe plot-scale studies, providing the most robust test of such a model to date. The model simulates long-term P weathering, based on the assumption of a starting pool of weatherable P (P weath0 , g m À2 ), which is gradually transformed into organic and sorbed pools. Nitrogen fixation (and consequently primary production) is made dependent on available P. In the absence of knowledge about the spatial variability of P weath0 , N14CP produces good average soil and plant variables but cannot simulate variations among sites. Allowing P weath0 to vary between sites improves soil C, N, and P results greatly, suggesting that contemporary soil C, N, and P are sensitive to long-term P weathering. Most sites were found to be N limited. Anthropogenic N deposition since 1800 was calculated to have increased plant biomass substantially, in agreement with observations and consequently increased soil carbon pools.

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Recovery from chronic and snowmelt acidification: Long‐term trends in stream and soil water chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

2015

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Atmospheric acid deposition of sulfate and nitrate has declined markedly in the northeastern United States due to emissions controls. We investigated long-term trends in soil water (1984-2011) and stream water (1982-2011) chemistry along an elevation gradient of a forested watershed to evaluate the progress of recovery of drainage waters from acidic deposition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA. We found slowed losses of base cations from soil and decreased mobilization of dissolved inorganic aluminum. Stream water pH at the watershed outlet increased at a rate of 0.01 units yr À1 , and the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) gained 0.88 μeq L À1 yr À1 . Dissolved organic carbon generally decreased in stream water and soil solutions, contrary to trends observed at many North American and European sites. We compared whole-year hydrochemical trends with those during snowmelt, which is the highest-flow and lowest ANC period of the year, indicative of episodic acidification. Stream water during snowmelt had long-term trends of increasing ANC and pH at a rate very similar to the whole-year record, with closely related steady decreases in sulfate. A more rapid decline in stream water nitrate during snowmelt compared with the whole-year trend may be due, in part, to the marked decrease in atmospheric nitrate deposition during the last decade. The similarity between the whole-year trends and those of the snowmelt period is an important finding that demonstrates a consistency between recovery from chronic acidification during base flow and abatement of snowmelt acidification. FUSS ET AL.

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Long-term development of acid deposition (1880–2030) in sensitive freshwater regions in Europe

Cited by 241 publications

References 3 publications

Recovery of Acidified European Surface Waters

Recovery of Acidified European Surface Waters

Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

Recovery from chronic and snowmelt acidification: Long‐term trends in stream and soil water chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

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