Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022

Wu, Nanping; Joyal‐Desmarais, Keven; Ribeiro, Paula Aver Bretanha; Vieira, Ariany Marques; Stojanovic, Jovana; Sanuade, Comfort; Yip, Doro; Bacon, Simon

doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00015-2

Cited by 154 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…However, longterm immune protection has proved to be more complex than initially suggested. To date, only two systematic reviews give meta-analytical evidence on the duration of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness 16,17 with both of them displaying a general decrease of vaccine effectiveness over time against infections, hospitalizations, and mortality. This seems especially true for humoral response elicited by mRNA vaccines that can be escaped by variants of concern rather than for T-cell mediated responses 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased spectral cytometry immunome characterization predicts COVID-19 mRNA vaccine failure in older adults and patients with lymphoid malignancies

HERNANDEZ-VAZQUEZ

Cal-Sabater

Arribas-Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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COVID-19 affects the population unequally with a higher impact on aged and immunosuppressed people. Hence, we assessed the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immune compromised patients (older adults and oncohematologic patients), compared with healthy counterparts. While the acquired humoral and cellular memory did not predict subsequent infection 18 months after full immunization, spectral and computational cytometry revealed several subsets within the CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, monocytes and CD45RA+CCR7- Tγδ cells differentially expressed in further infected and non-infected individuals not just following immunization, but also prior to that. Of note up to 7 subsets were found within the CD45RA+CCR7- Tγδ population with some of them being expanded and other decreased in subsequently infected individuals. Moreover, some of these subsets also predicted COVID-induced hospitalization in oncohematologic patients. Therefore, we hereby have identified several cellular subsets that, even before vaccination, strongly related to COVID-19 vulnerability as opposed to the acquisition of cellular and/or humoral memory following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased spectral cytometry immunome characterization predicts COVID-19 mRNA vaccine failure in older adults and patients with lymphoid malignancies

HERNANDEZ-VAZQUEZ

Cal-Sabater

Arribas-Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In conclusion, this meta-analysis by Wu and colleagues 1 presents an important update on the long-term vaccine effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, which is important for policy makers, clinicians, and scientists. As many studies show the inevitable waning of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses over time, in combination with reduced reactivity against novel emerging variants, the meta-analysis by Wu and colleagues 1 comes at an important time to show that this waning also leads to reduced vaccine effectiveness, even after booster vaccination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although vaccines prevented symptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2, these vaccines did not offer sterile immunity. In The Lancet Respiratory Medicine , Nana Wu and colleagues 1 present findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis on long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations against infection, hospitalisation, and mortality up to 307 days after completion of the primary vaccination series and 139 days after a first booster vaccination. Compared with a prior systematic review, 2 the authors extended their analyses by including data on COVID-19-related mortality, protection after booster vaccination, and vaccine effectiveness against emerging omicron (B.1.1.529) sublineages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the interesting aspects of the study by Wu and colleagues 1 is the comparison of vaccine effectiveness after different primary vaccination regimens. In the original phase 3 clinical trials, mRNA-based vaccines reached higher vaccine effectiveness than that of adenovirus-vectored vaccines; 3 this finding was supported by Wu and colleagues' study, in which the authors observed vaccine effectiveness levels for individuals with an mRNA-based primary vaccination series of 87% against infection, 93% against hospitalisation, and 94% against mortality compared with 69% against infection, 90% against hospitalisation, and 84% against mortality after an adenovirus-vectored primary vaccination series.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 , 7 , 8 However, because of the emergence of antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron sublineages, and the associated reduction in vaccine effectiveness, additional (bivalent) booster vaccinations became necessary to at least temporarily restore vaccine effectiveness against infection, hospitalisation, and mortality, independent of the primary vaccination regimen, as shown in this systematic review by Wu and colleagues. 1 …”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and evolving variants: understanding the immunological footprint

Zaeck

GeurtsvanKessel

Vries

2023

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

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Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immunity

et al. 2023

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ImportanceEstimates of the rate of waning of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 are key to assess population levels of protection and future needs for booster doses to face the resurgence of epidemic waves.ObjectiveTo quantify the progressive waning of VE associated with the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 by number of received doses.Data SourcesPubMed and Web of Science were searched from the databases’ inception to October 19, 2022, as well as reference lists of eligible articles. Preprints were included.Study SelectionSelected studies for this systematic review and meta-analysis were original articles reporting estimates of VE over time against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic disease.Data Extraction and SynthesisEstimates of VE at different time points from vaccination were retrieved from original studies. A secondary data analysis was performed to project VE at any time from last dose administration, improving the comparability across different studies and between the 2 considered variants. Pooled estimates were obtained from random-effects meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were VE against laboratory-confirmed Omicron or Delta infection and symptomatic disease and half-life and waning rate associated with vaccine-induced protection.ResultsA total of 799 original articles and 149 reviews published in peer-reviewed journals and 35 preprints were identified. Of these, 40 studies were included in the analysis. Pooled estimates of VE of a primary vaccination cycle against laboratory-confirmed Omicron infection and symptomatic disease were both lower than 20% at 6 months from last dose administration. Booster doses restored VE to levels comparable to those acquired soon after the administration of the primary cycle. However, 9 months after booster administration, VE against Omicron was lower than 30% against laboratory-confirmed infection and symptomatic disease. The half-life of VE against symptomatic infection was estimated to be 87 days (95% CI, 67-129 days) for Omicron compared with 316 days (95% CI, 240-470 days) for Delta. Similar waning rates of VE were found for different age segments of the population.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed Omicron or Delta infection and symptomatic disease rapidly wanes over time after the primary vaccination cycle and booster dose. These results can inform the design of appropriate targets and timing for future vaccination programs.

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Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022

Cited by 154 publications

References 89 publications

Unbiased spectral cytometry immunome characterization predicts COVID-19 mRNA vaccine failure in older adults and patients with lymphoid malignancies

Unbiased spectral cytometry immunome characterization predicts COVID-19 mRNA vaccine failure in older adults and patients with lymphoid malignancies

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and evolving variants: understanding the immunological footprint

Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immunity

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