Long-term effects of paraquat-diquat and additional weed control treatments on some physical,biological,and respiratory properties of a soil previously under grass

Yeates, G. W.; Stout, J. D.; Ross, D. J.; Dutch, Mary E.; Thomas, Rachael F.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1976.10421046

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…When applied as Gramoxone or as a pure compound, paraquat has been shown to suppress culturable soil bacteria 20 (Gramoxone), reduce dehydrogenase activity 20 , 21 (Gramoxone), increase urease activity 22 (pure) and exert both positive 22 (pure) and negative 20 (Gramoxone) effects on soil fungi and invertase activity 22 (pure). Paraquat is also mixed with diquat in commercial herbicides, which have been observed to increase soil fungi 23 (Sprayseed), reduce soil nematodes and bacteria, and suppress nematode diversity 24 (Preeglone Extra).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat and paraquat-diquat on soil microbial activity and bacterial, archaeal and nematode diversity

Dennis

Kukulies²,

Forstner

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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In this study, we investigated the effects of one-off applications of glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, and paraquat-diquat on soil microbial diversity and function. All herbicides were added to soil as pure compounds at recommended dose and were incubated under laboratory conditions for 60 days. High-throughput phylogenetic marker gene sequencing revealed that none of the herbicides significantly influenced the richness, evenness and composition of bacterial and archaeal communities. Likewise, the diversity, composition and size of nematode communities were not significantly influenced by any of the herbicides. From a functional perspective, herbicides did not significantly affect fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA) and beta-glucosidase activities. Furthermore, the ability of soil organisms to utilise 15 substrates was generally unaffected by herbicide application. The only exception to this was a temporary impairment in the ability of soil organisms to utilise three organic acids and an amino acid. Given the global and frequent use of these herbicides, it is important that future studies evaluate their potential impacts on microbial communities in a wider-range of soils and environmental conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat and paraquat-diquat on soil microbial activity and bacterial, archaeal and nematode diversity

Dennis

Kukulies²,

Forstner

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…For example, paraquat either formulated or as technical material had only a transient effect on soil microbial populations when applied at ten times the normal field rate to a calcareous loam 31. Effects on microbial populations of the long‐term repeated use of paraquat were ascribed to the indirect effects of the loss of vegetation cover rather than being a direct response to paraquat itself 32, 33…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of Paraquatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat and sustainable agriculture

Bromilow

2003

Pest Management Science

168

104

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Sustainable agriculture is essential for man's survival, especially given our rapidly increasing population. Expansion of agriculture into remaining areas of natural vegetation is undesirable, as this would reduce biodiversity on the planet. Maintaining or indeed improving crop yields on existing farmed land, whether on a smallholder scale or on larger farms, is thus necessary. One of the limiting factors is often weed control; biological control of weeds is generally of limited use and mechanical control is either often difficult with machinery or very laborious by hand. Thus the use of herbicides has become very important. Minimum cultivation can also be important, as it reduces the power required to work the soil, limits erosion and helps to maintain the organic matter content of the soil. This last aspect helps preserve both the structure of soil and its populations of organisms, and also sustains the Earth's soil as a massive sink for carbon, an important consideration in the light of global warming. The introduction of the bipyridinium herbicide paraquat in the early 1960s greatly facilitated weed control in many crops. Paraquat has the unusual property of being active only by direct spray onto plants and not by uptake from soil in which strong binding deactivates it. Together with its rapid action in light in killing green plant tissue, such properties allow paraquat to be used in many crops, including those grown by low-tillage methods. This paper reviews the ways in which agricultural systems have been and are being developed to make use of these properties, and provides a risk/benefit analysis of the world-wide use of paraquat over nearly 40 years.

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“…Remarkably, despite DQ and PQ belong to the same bipyridine family, share common chemical structure and exhibit high-water solubility, their behavior is known to differ once released in environmental settings (Yeates et al, 1976). Whereas, PQ is more toxic and it has the peculiarity to strongly adhere onto mineral and organic particles present in natural soil, DQ has a higher partition coefficient normalized to carbon organic content (K oc ) and remain stable for longer time periods (Pateiro-Moure et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Adsorption of Bipyridinium Herbicides on Model Soil Granular Media

Tadeo-Jalife¹,

Vásquez-Medrano²,

Partida³

2021

Front. Water

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In this research work, the adsorption of two bipyridinium herbicides (i. e., Diquat and Paraquat) on natural soil and on model soil surfaces has been studied at different water chemistries commonly found in the environment (e.g., pH, supporting electrolyte, and presence of humic or fulvic acids). The experimental work was carried out in the laboratory, using experimental batches of clean quartz sand, silanized quartz sand and sandy soil as a model of agricultural topsoil where herbicides are commonly used and can be adsorbed. The concentrations reached at the equilibrium were analyzed by UV-Visible Spectroscopy for the supernatant fraction of the samples. The concentrations were fitted using adsorption isotherms to determine the adsorption mechanisms (i.e., chemisorption or physisorption) at the interface. In general terms, we have encountered that the nature of the soil matrix plays an important role on the study of pollutant adsorption. In experiments carried out on silica sand, the most abundant component of the natural soil matrix, no significant sorption was observed (<1.5 mg/g) for any of the herbicides. Yet, in experiments carried out on the presence of clay and natural organic matter (i.e., fulvic and humic acids), the adsorption of both herbicides is much higher, likely due to the chemical structure of the molecules that might facilitate the complexation with both herbicides. This investigation improves our understanding of the role that soil granular components play on the absorption of two commonly used herbicides and adequately predict their fate in natural aquatic environments.

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Long-term effects of paraquat-diquat and additional weed control treatments on some physical,biological,and respiratory properties of a soil previously under grass

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

The effects of glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat and paraquat-diquat on soil microbial activity and bacterial, archaeal and nematode diversity

The effects of glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat and paraquat-diquat on soil microbial activity and bacterial, archaeal and nematode diversity

Paraquat and sustainable agriculture

Assessing the Adsorption of Bipyridinium Herbicides on Model Soil Granular Media

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