Long-Term Immunity to Diphtheria and Tetanus: A Mathematical Model1

Gottlieb, Stanley; Martin, Marcel; McLaughlin, F. X.; Panaro, Rudolph J.; Levine, Leo; Edsall, Geoffrey

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120684

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, earlier models of antibodies to hepatitis B, tetanus, and diphtheria toxoids have shown a clear slowing of the decline with diminishing concentration, i.e. with time since response [36,37]. This slowing, together with the effect of new stimuli, helps to explain the stability of adult Hib antibody concentration levels, the mean concentration in many populations being around 1-2 µg\ml [15,27,38,39].…”

Section: Duration Of Immunity To Invasive Diseasementioning

confidence: 92%

Dynamics of natural immunity caused by subclinical infections, case study on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural immunity to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is based primarily on antibodies that are thought to develop in response to subclinical infections. Wide use of conjugated Hib vaccines could lead to decreases in circulating Hib bacteria, thereby diminishing antibody levels in the unvaccinated. We applied a statistical model to estimate the duration of natural immunity to Hib under different forces of infection. Prior to the introduction of conjugated Hib vaccines, new Hib infections were estimated to occur once in 4 years and the antibody concentration to stabilize at a level around 1 microg/ml. In the absence of new stimuli, i.e. infection, 57% of the unvaccinated population would become susceptible to invasive disease (antibody levels < 0.15 microg/ml) in 10 years. Due to an interaction between the force of infection and the duration of immunity, in some situations numbers of invasive infections could increase in unvaccinated cohorts. This theoretical scenario has yet to be observed in practice.

show abstract

Section: Duration Of Immunity To Invasive Diseasementioning

confidence: 92%

Dynamics of natural immunity caused by subclinical infections, case study on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, other studies (Gottlieb, Martin & McLaughlin, 1967;Trinca, 1975) which also looked at the fall of antibody levels suggest that the duration of immunity to diphtheria is long. In this present study of a normal New Zealand population, there was generally a gradual fall in antibody levels with increasing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detection of diphtheria toxin antibodies in human sera in New Zealand by ELISA

Lau¹

1986

J. Hyg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYAn enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxin in human serum. Serum samples obtained from 557 normal persons aged 1-65 years from different areas in New Zealand showed maximum antibody levels in the 1-9 years age group (95 1 %) and the least in the 60-65 years age group (38-1 %). The indirect ELISA is suitable for seroepidemiological survey study as it is simple to perform, economical and precise.

show abstract

“…Quantification of the antibody response is important in predicting the longevity of clinical Up to 5 per cent of those vaccinated are reported as initial Many of them respond to subsequent booster doses.71 Other techniques are currently being developed to encourage seroconversion in poor responder^.^^.^^ Individuals in whom anti-HBs cannot be detected despite initial vaccination and subsequent boosters remain at risk of contracting HBV. 65,70 It is currently accepted that an antibody level of 10 mIU/mL is the minimum required for clinical immunity.15.S7. 64.66.69 The rationale for booster vaccination in normal responders is based on an exponential decline in antibody titres as occurs with other vaccines such as tetanus t o x~i d .~~…”

Section: Immunization Against Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for post‐vaccination serology and the timing of booster vaccinations against hepatitis B in dental health care workers

Davies

Porra

1994

Australian Dental Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis B virus is a disease which has no oral manifestations but is of direct concern to dental health care workers due to its transmissibility by transfer of minute quantities of infected body fluids from patients with the condition. Many chronic carriers of HBV do not have signs and symptoms of hepatitis and are frequently unaware of the virus they harbour. In recent years immunization against HBV has become possible and a high success rate has been achieved in inducing immunity against HBV in dental health care workers who have completed an immunization programme. When the HBV vaccines were introduced to widespread clinical use in the 1980s it was optimistically predicted that immunity conferred by the vaccines would be for ten years. Recent research has cast severe doubts on this optimism and clinical trials have indicated that the immunity may be short-lived and varies between individuals. Longevity of immunity is dependent upon antibody levels attained by the immunization programme. Post-immunization antibody levels can be utilized as a guide to the longevity of the immunity and hence should serve as a prognostic indicator for timing of booster inoculations.

show abstract

Long-Term Immunity to Diphtheria and Tetanus: A Mathematical Model1

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics of natural immunity caused by subclinical infections, case study on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Dynamics of natural immunity caused by subclinical infections, case study on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Detection of diphtheria toxin antibodies in human sera in New Zealand by ELISA

The need for post‐vaccination serology and the timing of booster vaccinations against hepatitis B in dental health care workers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About