Long-term Intake of Gluten and Cognitive Function Among US Women

Wang, Yiqing; Lebwohl, Benjamin; Mehta, Raaj S.; Cao, Yin; Green, Peter H. R.; Grodstein, Francine; Jovani, Manol; Lochhead, Paul; Okereke, Olivia I.; Sampson, Laura; Willett, Walter C.; Sun, Qi; Chan, Andrew T.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13020

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…While there have been numerous studies examining the association of individual nutrients or foods with cognitive outcomes [ 2 – 4 ], recent approaches emphasize overall diet quality to account for nutrient interactions and reflect real-life dietary behaviors [ 5 , 6 ]. Diet quality is typically assessed using regional dietary patterns, such as with Mediterranean diet score, or national dietary guidelines, such as with Healthy Eating Index (HEI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between healthy eating index-2015 and various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Diet, as a modifiable factor, plays an important role in cognitive function. However, the association between adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and cognitive function remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether HEI-2015 is associated with various cognitive domains and whether such association is modified by age, gender, or ethnicity in the US adults aged 60 years or older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Methods HEI-2015 scores were calculated from 24-h dietary recall interviews. Cognitive function was evaluated by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, a measure of processing speed), Animal Fluency Test (AFT, a measure of executive function), a subtest from Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD, a measure of memory), and a composite-z score calculated by summing z scores of individual tests. The associations between HEI-2015 scores and cognitive performance were explored using multiple linear regression models. Results A total of 2450 participants aged 60 years or older were included. Participants with higher HEI-2015 scores were more likely to have higher DSST, AFT as well as composite-z scores (P<0.05). Significant interaction effects were identified between HEI-2015 and ethnicity in specific cognitive domains (Pinteraction<0.05). Among HEI-2015 components, higher intakes of whole fruits and seafood and plant protein were associated with better cognitive performance (P<0.05). Conclusion Higher adherence to DGA is associated with better cognitive performance, especially regarding processing speed and executive function among the US adults aged 60 years or older.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between healthy eating index-2015 and various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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“…We tested linear trends by modeling the median values of gluten quintiles as a continuous variable, consistent with prior analyses. 18,19 The heterogeneity across cohorts was tested using Cochran's Q test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We estimated gluten intake by first identifying food items with gluten-containing ingredients, including wheat, rye, barley, cereal, couscous, and beer, and quantifying these ingredients using year-specific product labels and ingredient lists from manufacturers or recipes from cookbooks. Following prior studies, 18,19 we then calculated gluten contents in these foods as 75% of the protein contents and adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method. 20 In a subset of 650 HPFS participants, consumption of gluten (Spearman correlation coefficient r ¼ 0.58) and gluten-rich foods (median r ¼ 0.60) estimated from FFQs were highly correlated with those assessed from 7-day dietary records.…”

Section: Assessment Of Gluten Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten Intake and Risk of Digestive System Cancers in 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies

Wang

Cao

Lebwohl

et al. 2022

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…When adjusting for socioeconomic status, region of residence, and family history of psychiatric disorders, the association between ADHD and maternal celiac disease was only significant in daughters [ 20 ]. However, one cannot rule out that the cognitive score in middle-aged women without celiac disease is not significantly associated with a GFD [ 63 ]. This emphasizes the importance of targeting the phenotype associated with cognitive impairments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between ADHD and Celiac Disease in Children

Gaur

2022

Children

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Controversy around the association between celiac disease (CeD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) was addressed by a systematic review in 2015, ultimately showing no association. Since 2015, there have been several studies showing an association between celiac disease and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. This is an updated systematic review. Background: Most experts agree on the recommendation to not screen as part of the standard of care for ADHD in persons with CeD or vice versa. Simultaneously, they propose that untreated patients with CeD and neurological symptoms such as chronic fatigue, inattention, pain, and headache could be predisposed to ADHD-like behavior, namely inattention (which may be alleviated by following a gluten-free diet). The inattentive subtype of ADHD that encompasses the symptoms of inattention is phenotypically heterogeneous, as it includes the clinical construct of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). SCT symptoms overlap with the neurological manifestations of CeD. Methods: A systematic search (PRISMA) of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, Stanford Lane, SCOPUS, and Ovid was conducted for articles up to 21 February 2022. Of these, 23 studies met the criteria. Results: Out of the 23 studies, 13 showed a positive association between ADHD and CeD. Most studies that showed a positive association had been published in the last five years. Inconsistencies in the results remain due to the heterogeneous methodology used, specifically for ADHD and the outcome questionnaires, as well as a lack of reporting on ADHD subtypes. Conclusion: There is an association between ADHD and celiac disease. The current methodological limitations will be lessened if we examine the subtypes of ADHD.

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Long-term Intake of Gluten and Cognitive Function Among US Women

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Association between healthy eating index-2015 and various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014

Association between healthy eating index-2015 and various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014

Gluten Intake and Risk of Digestive System Cancers in 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies

The Association between ADHD and Celiac Disease in Children

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