Long-Term Monitoring of Aphid-Transmitted Viruses in Melon and Zucchini Crops: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus and Watermelon Mosaic Virus

Rabadán, María Pilar; Juárez, Miguel A.; Gómez, Pedro

doi:10.1094/phyto-10-22-0394-v

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Moreover, for the cistrons in each segment, positive selection analyses were executed using two independent methods, i.e., SLAC and MEME [ 53 ]. The codon sites predicted by both methods were considered under selection, as already reported by previous studies [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Mutations in the virus genome could be dispensed randomly or restricted to form hypervariable areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis of Old World and New World TYLCV Reveals a Biasness toward Highly Variable Amino Acids in Coat Protein

Nigam

Muthukrishnan

Flores-López

et al. 2023

Plants

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Begomoviruses, belonging to the family Geminiviridae and the genus Begomovirus, are DNA viruses that are transmitted by whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in a circulative persistent manner. They can easily adapt to new hosts and environments due to their wide host range and global distribution. However, the factors responsible for their adaptability and coevolutionary forces are yet to be explored. Among BGVs, TYLCV exhibits the broadest range of hosts. In this study, we have identified variable and coevolving amino acid sites in the proteins of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) isolates from Old World (African, Indian, Japanese, and Oceania) and New World (Central and Southern America). We focused on mutations in the coat protein (CP), as it is highly variable and interacts with both vectors and host plants. Our observations indicate that some mutations were accumulating in Old World TYLCV isolates due to positive selection, with the S149N mutation being of particular interest. This mutation is associated with TYLCV isolates that have spread in Europe and Asia and is dominant in 78% of TYLCV isolates. On the other hand, the S149T mutation is restricted to isolates from Saudi Arabia. We further explored the implications of these amino acid changes through structural modeling. The results presented in this study suggest that certain hypervariable regions in the genome of TYLCV are conserved and may be important for adapting to different host environments. These regions could contribute to the mutational robustness of the virus, allowing it to persist in different host populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis of Old World and New World TYLCV Reveals a Biasness toward Highly Variable Amino Acids in Coat Protein

Nigam

Muthukrishnan

Flores-López

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (Rabadán et al, 2023), but none of these viruses were detected. Leaf yellowing symptoms may also be confused with plant nutrient deficiency.…”

Section: Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus Cucurbit Yellow Stunting Di...mentioning

confidence: 93%

First report of Pepo aphid‐borne yellows virus on watermelon plants in Spain

De Moya‐Ruiz,

Juárez,

Gómez

2023

New Disease Reports

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“…WMV, one of the economically important potyviruses, is very prevalent in melon and zucchini crops ( 28 ). Planting resistant cultivars is an effective way to control WMV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P3N-PIPO but not P3 is the avirulence determinant in melon carrying the Wmr resistance against watermelon mosaic virus, although they contain a common genetic determinant

Sun,

Wu,

Liu

et al. 2024

J Virol

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Viruses employ a series of diverse translational strategies to expand their coding capacity, which produces viral proteins with common domains and entangles virus-host interactions. P3N-PIPO, which is a transcriptional slippage product from the P3 cistron, is a potyviral protein dedicated to intercellular movement. Here, we show that P3N-PIPO from watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) triggers cell death when transiently expressed in Cucumis melo accession PI 414723 carrying the Wmr resistance gene. Surprisingly, expression of the P3N domain, shared by both P3N-PIPO and P3, can alone induce cell death, whereas expression of P3 fails to activate cell death in PI 414723. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that P3N-PIPO targets plasmodesmata (PD) and P3N associates with PD, while P3 localizes in endoplasmic reticulum in melon cells. We also found that mutations in residues L35, L38, P41, and I43 of the P3N domain individually disrupt the cell death induced by P3N-PIPO, but do not affect the PD localization of P3N-PIPO. Furthermore, WMV mutants with L35A or I43A can systemically infect PI 414723 plants. These key residues guide us to discover some WMV isolates potentially breaking the Wmr resistance. Through searching the NCBI database, we discovered some WMV isolates with variations in these key sites, and one naturally occurring I43V variation enables WMV to systemically infect PI 414723 plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that P3N-PIPO, but not P3, is the avirulence determinant recognized by Wmr, although the shared N terminal P3N domain can alone trigger cell death. IMPORTANCE This work reveals a novel viral avirulence (Avr) gene recognized by a resistance (R) gene. This novel viral Avr gene is special because it is a transcriptional slippage product from another virus gene, which means that their encoding proteins share the common N-terminal domain but have distinct C-terminal domains. Amazingly, we found that it is the common N-terminal domain that determines the Avr-R recognition, but only one of the viral proteins can be recognized by the R protein to induce cell death. Next, we found that these two viral proteins target different subcellular compartments. In addition, we discovered some virus isolates with variations in the common N-terminal domain and one naturally occurring variation that enables the virus to overcome the resistance. These results show how viral proteins with common domains interact with a host resistance protein and provide new evidence for the arms race between plants and viruses.

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Long-Term Monitoring of Aphid-Transmitted Viruses in Melon and Zucchini Crops: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus and Watermelon Mosaic Virus

Cited by 10 publications

References 90 publications

Comparative Genome Analysis of Old World and New World TYLCV Reveals a Biasness toward Highly Variable Amino Acids in Coat Protein

Comparative Genome Analysis of Old World and New World TYLCV Reveals a Biasness toward Highly Variable Amino Acids in Coat Protein

First report of Pepo aphid‐borne yellows virus on watermelon plants in Spain

P3N-PIPO but not P3 is the avirulence determinant in melon carrying the Wmr resistance against watermelon mosaic virus, although they contain a common genetic determinant

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