Long Term Performance of Stacks with Chromium-Based Interconnects (CFY)

Brandner, Marco; Bienert, Christian; Kusnezoff, Mihails; Trofimenko, Nikolai; Sauchuk, Viktar; Venskutonis, Andreas; Kraussler, Wolfgang; Michaelis, Alexander; Sigl, Lorenz S.

doi:10.1149/05701.2235ecst

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Figure shows a 30‐cell CFY stack assembled at the pilot manufacturing line at IKTS. The robustness of CFY stacks has been demonstrated in various tests over more than 20,000 hours and 120 start/stop‐cycles, showing a power degradation rate below 0.7% per 1,000 hours and 0.5% per ten cycles, respectively . CFY stacks have been adopted for system integration by various external research partners and companies, e.g., Convion Ltd. of Finland .…”

Section: Hotbox Concept and Operating Windowsupporting

confidence: 79%

Development of a SOFC Power Generator for the Indian Market

Pfeifer

Chakradeo²,

Ahire³

et al. 2017

Fuel Cells

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Contracted by the company h2e Power Systems Pvt. Ltd. based in Pune, India, Fraunhofer IKTS has developed a 1 kW(el) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generator during a three year system engineering and technology transfer project. The fuel cell system is based on the CFY stack technology by Plansee SE and IKTS, which incorporates state-of-theart ESC with Scandia-doped Zirconia electrolytes. For the SOFC power generator, a chromium based interconnects (CFY) stack was integrated with a pre-reformer, a tail-gas oxidizer and heat exchangers into a HotBox-module following a novel concept for least-space-demanding reactor integration and flow distribution. The applied system concept aimed at a very compact and robust, yet highly efficient power generator with optional heat extraction. Two major design decisions have been introduced in the process layout, i.e., a rated fuel utilization in the stack of 85% as well as a POX-air pre-heater for reducing the reformer air flow to lowest possible values. This approach lead to a waterless SOFC system with a net electrical efficiency above 40%. Two proof-of-concept (PoC) prototype systems were commissioned and tested for system concept validation. Based on the operating experience, three improved prototype units were built at IKTS and shipped to India for initial demonstration projects and field trials at the customer's site. At the same time, the technology transfer to the customer was initiated, in order to enable for a local manufacturing and deployment of SOFC systems in India. This paper outlines the system development approach and major technical achievements demonstrated on PoC prototype level.

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Section: Hotbox Concept and Operating Windowsupporting

confidence: 79%

Development of a SOFC Power Generator for the Indian Market

Pfeifer

Chakradeo²,

Ahire³

et al. 2017

Fuel Cells

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“…Due to the high demand on testing infrastructure and other technical difficulties arising from cells and stacks themselves, the time-consuming endurance tests have been fairly limited, especially at the stack and system levels. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] From 2004 to 2008, a series of tests with SOFC short stacks were carried out within the framework of the European project, REAL-SOFC, aimed at further illuminating the degradation mechanisms of SOFCs for stationary applications. 1 One of the stacks (F1002-97), commenced in August 2007, continued to be operated after the end of the project.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Performance and Degradation Analysis of an SOFC Short Stack Following Operation of More than 100,000 Hours

Fang

Blum

Stolten

2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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From August 2007 to January 2019, a two-layer solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) short stack of a planer design with zirconia-based, anode-supported cells (ASC) and ITM interconnectors (with 26% chromium content) was tested with hydrogen and compressed air at a furnace temperature of 700°C for more than 100,000 hours, of which ∼93,000 were in constant current mode, with a current density of 0.5 Acm−2 and with a fuel utilization of 40%. The calculated voltage degradation rate slowly decreased, from ∼8.0 mV/kh (∼1.0%/kh) for the first 40,000 h to ∼1.4 mV/kh (∼0.2%/kh) for the subsequent operation under load, indicating different dominating degradation mechanisms. The average voltage and area-specific resistance (ASR) degradation rates for the complete operating period under electrical load were 0.5%/kh and 2.5%/kh, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was also implemented at the end of the testing period for the purpose of electrochemical characterization and a degradation analysis. The post-mortem analysis of the stack is currently in preparation. In this study, the performance and degradation behavior of the stack and cells are analyzed and discussed on the basis of the electrochemical measurements collected.

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“…Metallic interconnects also have a much higher thermal conductivity than the traditional ceramic counterparts which leads to a favourable reduction in start-up/shut-down times of stacks, widening the scope for potential SOFC applications [6]. Typical metallic interconnect materials include ferritic stainless steels such as Crofer 22A/APU/H and ITM, chromium-based materials such as CFY [63], austenitic steels such as Alloy 310 [64] and nickel-based alloys such as Haynes 230, favoured for its corrosion resistance over Inconel and Hastelloy counterparts [65][66][67].…”

Section: Historical Trend In Sofc Interconnect Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Current Collection in Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells—A Review

2021

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Micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells (µT-SOFCs) are suited to a broad range of applications with power demands ranging from a few watts to several hundred watts. µT-SOFCs possess inherently favourable characteristics over alternate configurations such as high thermo-mechanical stability, high volumetric power density and rapid start-up times, lending them particular value for use in portable applications. Efficient current collection and interconnection constitute a bottleneck in the progression of the technology. The development of current collector designs and configuration reported in the literature since the inception of the technology are the focus of this study.

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Long Term Performance of Stacks with Chromium-Based Interconnects (CFY)

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Development of a SOFC Power Generator for the Indian Market

Development of a SOFC Power Generator for the Indian Market

Electrochemical Performance and Degradation Analysis of an SOFC Short Stack Following Operation of More than 100,000 Hours

The Development of Current Collection in Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells—A Review

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