Loop‐Tree Free Augmented Equivalence Principle Algorithm for Low‐Frequency Problems

Abstract

In this article, we describe a newly developed integral equation domain decomposition method for solving complex low frequency electromagnetic problems. This method is based on low frequency augmented equivalence principle algorithm (EPA) with the augmented electric field integral equation (A‐EFIE). The A‐EFIE provides a stable solution in the low‐frequency regime as it includes both charge and current as unknowns to avoid the imbalance between the vector potential and the scalar potential. Based on similar idea, the augmented EPA can suppress the projection error resulting from low‐frequency problems of the normal EPA. Combining these two methods, the proposed algorithm can be used in domain decomposition problems and is numerically stable at low frequencies. Several numerical examples are provided to verify its validity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2475–2479, 2013

Full Wave Modeling of Array Structures Using Generalized Single-Source Tangential Equivalence Principle Algorithm

“…The efficiency of scattering operator has been improved by hierarchical LU decomposition method [11]. Furthermore, the low-frequency problem [12] and timedomain models [13] have been solved using EPA method. The EPA is also combined with BOR to solve large-scale problems [14].…”

Acceleration of Augmented EFIE Using Multilevel Complex Source Beam Method

“…Recently, the perturbation method is introduced to enhance the accuracy of A-EFIE at extremely low frequencies [12]. The augmented equivalence principle algorithm (A-EPA) [13] and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method [14] are combined with the A-EFIE for domain decomposition problems.…”