2019
DOI: 10.1590/0034-761220180122
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Los tres tipos de distribución competencial que estructuran la descentralización en América del Sur

Abstract: In research about state and public administration, it is common to perform an analysis of its structure, function, form and type. However, on some occasions, these general categories do not reveal the distribution of attributions or real power in their different territorial levels. This report, through a historical-institutional review of the last 50 years in South American countries, proposes the existence of characteristic power structures that remain in time with gradual changes that maintains the essence o… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Since the Constitution of Portales in 1833, the first after the independence of the country, the extremely centralised institutional framework of Chile has tended to maintain historical patterns of location and led to urban primacy indexes that are amongst the highest in the world (Aroca & Atienza, 2016). The current regionalisation of the country was centrally imposed by the Pinochet’s dictatorship (Boisier, 2000) and regional administrators (intendentes) are still appointed by the President, and the degree of administrative, political and fiscal decentralisation is amongst the lowest in Latin America, limiting the possibility of designing bottom‐up regional development strategies (OECD, 2017; Valenzuela et al., 2019). The combination of a neoliberal economic model, that limits public intervention, and a centralist model of political, fiscal, and administrative administration places Chile in a unique situation compared to other OECD and Latin American countries, with a very weak total public expenditure (as a percentage of GDP) as well as a low level of subnational spending (as a percentage of total public expenditure) (Irarrazabal & Rodríguez, 2018; OECD, 2017; Ruano de la Fuente & Vial Cossani, 2016).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the Constitution of Portales in 1833, the first after the independence of the country, the extremely centralised institutional framework of Chile has tended to maintain historical patterns of location and led to urban primacy indexes that are amongst the highest in the world (Aroca & Atienza, 2016). The current regionalisation of the country was centrally imposed by the Pinochet’s dictatorship (Boisier, 2000) and regional administrators (intendentes) are still appointed by the President, and the degree of administrative, political and fiscal decentralisation is amongst the lowest in Latin America, limiting the possibility of designing bottom‐up regional development strategies (OECD, 2017; Valenzuela et al., 2019). The combination of a neoliberal economic model, that limits public intervention, and a centralist model of political, fiscal, and administrative administration places Chile in a unique situation compared to other OECD and Latin American countries, with a very weak total public expenditure (as a percentage of GDP) as well as a low level of subnational spending (as a percentage of total public expenditure) (Irarrazabal & Rodríguez, 2018; OECD, 2017; Ruano de la Fuente & Vial Cossani, 2016).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nesta etapa a organização também os identifica e pode incorporá-los ao planejamento estratégico. O segundo ponto a ser abordado trata-se das capacidades da organização que compreende a definição dos recursos que serão utilizados por ela em busca da criação de valor (Valenzuela, Henriquez & Cienfuegos, 2019), fortalecendo os FCS. Aplica-se aqui, na 2ª etapa, a identificação das COs necessárias para que possibilite à organização o alcance de seus objetivos (Carbone et al, 2009;Valenzuela, Henriquez & Cienfuegos, 2019).…”
Section: 2unclassified
“…O segundo ponto a ser abordado trata-se das capacidades da organização que compreende a definição dos recursos que serão utilizados por ela em busca da criação de valor (Valenzuela, Henriquez & Cienfuegos, 2019), fortalecendo os FCS. Aplica-se aqui, na 2ª etapa, a identificação das COs necessárias para que possibilite à organização o alcance de seus objetivos (Carbone et al, 2009;Valenzuela, Henriquez & Cienfuegos, 2019). Na 3ª etapa as COs elencadas são classificadas, segundo sua contribuição para o nível de competitividade como: básicas, seletivas e essenciais (Ruas, 2005).…”
Section: 2unclassified
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“…En América Latina, el proceso de descentralización de la administración pública ha correspondido históricamente a cambios paulatinos que se han generado dentro de los países, más que a un modelo específico. Por esa razón, la distribución de responsabilidades en las instituciones corresponde muchas veces a una determinada coyuntura política (Valenzuela, Henriquez y Cienfuegos, 2019) (Popa, 2013). En consecuencia, en algunos casos los resultados de la reforma administrativa basada en este precepto han terminado por mejorar la calidad de algunos aspectos de la administración, pero en otros han encontrado resistencias que impiden su correcto funcionamiento (Ochoa et al, 2007).…”
Section: • Descentralizaciónunclassified