Lost and found in America: The function of place metaphor insports illustrated

Back to the garden: Therapeutic place metaphor infield of dreams

“…Since prevailing metaphors in a culture can be transcended only by other metaphors that incorporate and improve the dominant metaphor (Ivie, 1987), place metaphors are an appropriate symbolic form for therapy. Moreover, place metaphors potentially are stronger than object metaphors because they can function as scene for stories rather than as mere parts of stories (Aden & Reynolds, 1993). For instance, as this analysis has demonstrated, the trip back to the garden also activates elements of both the heroic quest myth and the Christian origin myth.…”

“…This image of America as Eden persisted from the early Puritan settlements to the settling of the western most regions of the nation following the Civil War (Smith, 1950), promising individuals homes that possessed the spiritual elements of Eden. Place metaphor, as Aden and Reynolds (1993) argue, can be interpreted simultaneously as an individual and cultural metaphor; the reader imagines an interpretation unique to herself but also connects her situation to a cultural condition. Similarly, "the garden of America was sacred space in two different ways.…”

“…Some cultural evidence suggests that Americans are seeking to move back into the garden, using it as a place of refuge and spiritual rejuvenation. Aden and Reynolds (1993), for instance, claim that readers of Sports Illustrated enter the garden-like atmosphere of the American Elysian Field metaphor as resistance to the machine metaphor. They marshal evidence indicating that more individuals are moving to wilderness areas (e.g., Hiss, 1990), a trend reaffirmed by Californians' exodus to more rustic parts of the country (Ellicott, 1993).…”

“…THE SOUTHERN COMMUNICATION JOURNAL phoric field identified by Aden and Reynolds (1993) in Sports Illustrated; it is an isolated place, open to all who want to play, as long as they balance work and play. Yet, the field of dreams contains a stronger spiritual element than does Sports Illustrateds American Elysian Field.…”

#FIFAputos

“…ESPN and Univision broadcast this ritual to the rest of the world and have opened up this liminal space to outside perspective and criticism. Previous studies have found that the presence of media exacerbates the structure of authoritative organizations such as FIFA and breaks down the confines of the liminal space and the glory of the game (Aden & Reynolds, 1993; Boyd & Stahley, 2008; Goldstein & Bredemeier, 1977). Sport is best when it occurs in isolated natural territory (Aden & Reynolds, 1993).…”