Low allelochemical concentrations detected in garlic mustard-invaded forest soils inhibit fungal growth and AMF spore germination

Cantor, Aaron S; Hale, Alison N.; Aaron, J. R.; Traw, M. Brian; Kalisz, Susan

doi:10.1007/s10530-011-9986-x

Cited by 112 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…Our companion bioassay revealed that even low AITC concentrations can reduce AMF spore germination by ;60%. Furthermore, garlic mustard-invaded areas at our study site showed reduced colonization by fungal hyphae compared to control areas (Cantor et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Garlic mustard releases powerful allelochemicals into the soil (Cantor et al 2011) and can drive declines in native plant abundance and diversity in forests (reviewed in Rodgers et al 2008).…”

Section: Focal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greenhouse experiments demonstrate that soils from garlic mustard-invaded sites or soils pre-conditioned with garlic mustard reduce AMF colonization and biomass in native tree seedlings (Stinson et al 2006) and increase mortality of herbaceous seedlings (Callaway et al 2008). Recently, we showed that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-an abundant compound exclusive to garlic mustard (Vaughn andBerhow 1999, Barto et al 2010)-is present in garlic mustard-invaded soils (Cantor et al 2011). Our companion bioassay revealed that even low AITC concentrations can reduce AMF spore germination by ;60%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the mutualism disruption hypothesis: physiological mechanisms for invasion of intact perennial plant communities

2011

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Abstract. Soil resources derived from mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a critical role in the physiological function of many native plant species. Allelopathic plant invasion studies have revealed declines in AMF inoculation potential of invaded soils, and lost opportunities for plants to form new AMF associations. Yet, if allelochemicals also kill AMF external hyphae already associated with plant roots, this mutualism disruption should result in physiological stress for native plants. We previously demonstrated that forest soils infested with garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), an allelopathic invader, exhibit reduced fungal hyphal abundance. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that treatment with garlic mustard tissue reduces soil respiration rates and diminishes physiological function of false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum racemosum), an AMF-dependant forest understory native. Treated plants exhibited reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthesis relative to controls, consistent with the proposed loss of AMF function. Such physiological declines, if sustained over several growing seasons, could decrease native understory perennials' growth rates and increase their susceptibility to environmental stresses. These data provide an explicit mechanism that can help explain the loss of established native perennials from invaded mature forests. We propose that the physiological costs of mutualism disruption may be a widespread but previously untested mechanism enhancing the invasion of undisturbed ecosystems by allelopathic species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Focal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the mutualism disruption hypothesis: physiological mechanisms for invasion of intact perennial plant communities

2011

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“…[5] Inderjit et al [6] reported that the phytotoxic effects of catechin may be exerted through microbes in some soils. In addition, Cantor et al [7] found that low allelochemical concentrations, detected in garlic mustard-invaded forest soils, inhibited fungal growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore germination. Further, Zhou and Wu [8] discovered that phenolic acid could inhibit cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling growth and change the soil microbial community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid on grape (Vitis viniferaL.) soil microbial community structure and functional diversity

Guo

Wang

et al. 2015

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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-gang Xie (2015) Effect of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid on grape (Vitisvinifera L.) soil microbial community structure and functional diversity, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 29:4, 637-645, DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015 Phenolic compounds are considered to be an important autotoxic substances. The interactions between them and soil microbes are increasingly becoming a focus of the allelopathic research studies. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid on soil microbial community structure and functional diversity. Bulk soil without grapevine cuttings (Group 1) and rhizosphere soil with Beta (Vitis riparia £ Vitis labrusca) grapevine cuttings (Group 2) were used as research subjects. The bacterial (16s rRNA) and fungal internal transcribed spacer regions community structures were obtained using a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and substrate utilization patterns were determined using Biolog EcoPlates. In this research, the results showed that the 4-hydroxybenzoic acid caused a shift in the soil bacterial and fungal community structures and changed the soil microbial functional diversity. The results also showed that the diversity of the microbial community structure and function differed between the two designated groups. The application of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1 and 2 mg/g) to the soil resulted in a greater decrease in the average diversity of the bacterial community structure in Group 2, compared to Group 1. Moreover, the average diversity of the fungal community structure in Group 2 became higher than that in Group 1. However, the bacterial and fungal community structural diversities increased with the application of 0.5 mg/g of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Thus, we concluded that both soil microbes and root exudates might be the recipients of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may have their growth and extra-radical development altered by the presence of these substances (Cantor et al, 2011), and if the effects are negative for the fungus, or for its efficiency in obtaining mineral nutrients, the growth of the host plant could be compromised. If damage occurs only to the plants, the establishment of a mycorrhizal association may bring benefits or losses to the plant, depending on the cost-benefit relationship (Smith & Smith, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and mycorrhizal colonization of maize plants treated with aqueous extracts from nonmycorrhizal weeds

Melo

Carrenho

2017

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of aqueous extracts of nonmycorrhizal weedy species on dry matter accumulation and assimilate partitioning of maize plants, with or without Cetraspora pellucida inoculation. The experiment was carried out in pots, in a completely randomized design, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement consisting of four plant extracts (purple nutsedge, guinea-hen weed, slender amaranth, and knotweed), a control irrigated with water, and two conditions (mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize plants), with four replicates of each treatment. Plants were irrigated with aqueous extracts diluted at 15%. Root colonization (RC), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), and RDM/ SDM were evaluated. Root colonization was not influenced by the extracts, and ranged from 41.5 to 65.2%. Shoot dry matter of mycorrhizal (AM) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants was not influenced by the extracts; however RDM showed varying responses. Mycorrhization favored the production of RDM, and increased plant sensitiveness to the extracts. Guinea-hen weed extract increased RDM of AM plants, while the other extracts inhibited it. In NM plants, the production of RDM was benefited by slender amaranth extract, to the detriment of SDM. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize plants respond differently to aqueous extracts of nonmycorrhizal weeds.Index terms: Zea mays, Amaranthus viridis, Cyperus rotundus, Petiveria alliacea, Polygonum ferrugineum, allelopathy. Crescimento e colonização micorrízica de plantas de milho tratadas com extratos de plantas infestantes não micorrízicasResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de extratos aquosos de plantas invasoras não micorrízicas sobre o acúmulo de matéria seca e sobre a partição de assimilados de plantas de milho com inoculação ou não de Cetraspora pellucida. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 5x2 que consistiu de quatro extratos vegetais (tiririca, guiné, caruru, erva-de-bicho), um controle irrigado com água e duas condições (plantas de milho micorrizadas e não micorrizadas), com quatro repetições de cada tratamento. As plantas foram irrigadas com extratos aquosos diluídos a 15%. Avaliaram-se: a colonização radical (CR), a matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), a matéria seca das raízes (MSR) e MSR/MSPA. A colonização da raízes não foi influenciada pelos extratos, tendo variado de 41,5 a 65,2%. A matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas micorrizadas (MA) e não micorrizadas (NM) não foi influenciada pelos extratos; no entanto, a MSR teve resposta diferenciada. A micorrização favoreceu a produção de MSR e aumentou a sensibilidade das plantas aos extratos. O extrato de guiné aumentou a MSR das plantas MA, e os outros extratos a inibiram. Em plantas NM, a MSR foi beneficiada pelo extrato de caruru, em detrimento da MSPA. Plantas de milho micorrizadas e não micorrizadas respondem diferentemente aos extratos aquosos de plantas invasoras não micorrizadas.

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Low allelochemical concentrations detected in garlic mustard-invaded forest soils inhibit fungal growth and AMF spore germination

Cited by 112 publications

References 50 publications

Testing the mutualism disruption hypothesis: physiological mechanisms for invasion of intact perennial plant communities

Testing the mutualism disruption hypothesis: physiological mechanisms for invasion of intact perennial plant communities

Effect of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid on grape (Vitis viniferaL.) soil microbial community structure and functional diversity

Growth and mycorrhizal colonization of maize plants treated with aqueous extracts from nonmycorrhizal weeds

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