Low-carbon strategies in dual-channel supply chain under risk aversion

Abstract

<abstract><p>In a low-carbon supply chain (LCSC) constructed by a single manufacturer and a single retailer, three decision-making models are established by introducing channel preference attributes. That is, a single sales channel model, an online and offline dual channel model, and a dual channel model in which the manufacturer share revenue with her retailer. Using the mean variance (MV) method to characterize the risk aversion utility function of the manufacturer and the retailer, the following r are found. i) Consumers' preference for low-carbon products is conducive to raising the price of low-carbon products and the firms' profits. ii) The deepening of the retailer's risk aversion promotes the increase of the manufacturer's price, while the impact of the manufacturer's risk aversion has an opposite effects. Although the arbitrage behavior of the retailer can not be completely avoided in the risk aversion environment. However in a limited risk aversion environment, dual-channel development is conducive to increasing the profits of the manufacturer, but may harm the interests of the retailer. iii) Consumers' preference for online channel helps the manufacturer increase prices and profit. iv) The sharing of revenue by the manufacturer to the retailer is conducive to increasing the revenue of the retailer. Based on this, in order to improve corporate profits and promote long-term transactions, the manufacturer can carry out low-carbon promotion and implement a dual-channel strategy. The retailer can actively seek channel cooperation with the manufacturer.</p></abstract>

Channel Competition and Coordination of E-Commerce Platforms under Low-Carbon Environment: A Cooperative Game Approach

“…(5) It is assumed that the manufacturer has the same wholesale price in the dual channel w r � w p � w. at is because the retailer and platform play the same role for the manufacturer [34,35]. (6) e cost of carbon abatement for manufacturers is C � 1/2ns 2 , assuming n � 1 for simple calculation [27]. (7) Consumers are heterogeneous in their preference for the different channels, which are uniformly distributed between 0 and 1.…”

“…Many scholars have observed this phenomenon and conducted a series of research on such dual-channel supply chain. Li et al established a traditional low-carbon dual-channel supply chain consisting of a manufacturer's direct channel and o ine channel and found that dual-channel development contributes to growing the pro ts of the manufacturer under a limited risk aversion environment [6]. Zhou et al investigated the joint emission reduction strategies in a dual-channel supply chain and found that involvement of the manufacturer's direct channel contributes to heightening emission reduction e orts of manufacturer [7].…”

Pricing decisions of risk averse logistic companies with carbon cap and trade under Stackelberg game

“…Expected utility (EU) [ 7 ], mean variance (MV) and conditional value at risk (CVaR) [ 8 ] are three common measures of risk aversion. Compared with EU and CVaR methods, MV has advantages in modeling risk aversion because it can transform random problems into deterministic approximate problems [ 9 ]. Therefore, we consider the MV method for modeling.…”

Dual‐Source Procurement Strategies of Emergency Materials Considering Risk Attitudes

“…Tere have been many research studies on the procurement of risk-neutral emergency materials [31]. However, it is rare to introduce the risk attitude of decision makers into the emergency procurement [32][33][34]. Due to the economic downturn in recent years, the risk aversion has attracted the attention of many scholars.…”