Low-cost fabrication of a paper-based microfluidic using a folded pattern paper

Xie, Liping; Zi, Xingyu; Zeng, Hedele; Sun, Jian‐Jun; Xu, Lisheng; Chen, Shuo

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.001

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We also demonstrated printing of 100 μm channels, a marked improvement in standard 3D-printing channel resolution which compares favourably with the dimensions and resources used in other low-cost techniques, such as laser cutting [19], and paper-microfluidics [20,23]. The channel dimensions achieved by this method are by no means the highest resolution possible through additive manufacturing techniques, but they are the highest the authors are aware of in relation to cost-effectiveness, reliability, and simplicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…These have included the use of 3D-printed structures [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], milled glass and acrylic [16,17] and xurography (patterning with a cutter) [18,19]. Others have used paper microfluidics for disposable tests [20][21][22][23] and demonstrated the use of water-soluble 3Dprinted approaches [5,[24][25][26]. Despite the efforts of researchers, none of the methods yet proposed have answered all the challenges set forth, nor been widely adopted by the wider community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negligible-cost microfluidic device fabrication using 3D-printed interconnecting channel scaffolds

2021

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This paper reports a novel, negligible-cost and open-source process for the rapid prototyping of complex microfluidic devices in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using 3D-printed interconnecting microchannel scaffolds. These single-extrusion scaffolds are designed with interconnecting ends and used to quickly configure complex microfluidic systems before being embedded in PDMS to produce an imprint of the microfluidic configuration. The scaffolds are printed using common Material Extrusion (MEX) 3D printers and the limits, cost & reliability of the process are evaluated. The limits of standard MEX 3D-printing with off-the-shelf printer modifications is shown to achieve a minimum channel cross-section of 100×100 μm. The paper also lays out a protocol for the rapid fabrication of low-cost microfluidic channel moulds from the thermoplastic 3D-printed scaffolds, allowing the manufacture of customisable microfluidic systems without specialist equipment. The morphology of the resulting PDMS microchannels fabricated with the method are characterised and, when applied directly to glass, without plasma surface treatment, are shown to efficiently operate within the typical working pressures of commercial microfluidic devices. The technique is further validated through the demonstration of 2 common microfluidic devices; a fluid-mixer demonstrating the effective interconnecting scaffold design, and a microsphere droplet generator. The minimal cost of manufacture means that a 5000-piece physical library of mix-and-match channel scaffolds (100 μm scale) can be printed for ~$0.50 and made available to researchers and educators who lack access to appropriate technology. This simple yet innovative approach dramatically lowers the threshold for research and education into microfluidics and will make possible the rapid prototyping of point-of-care lab-on-a-chip diagnostic technology that is truly affordable the world over.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negligible-cost microfluidic device fabrication using 3D-printed interconnecting channel scaffolds

2021

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“…The wax printing method was used to form a hydrophobic barrier for fluid flow on the 2D sheet papers, which were folded for different operations (Figure 3C) [94,95,96]. Additionally, a paper mask coated with PDMS was used to fabricate a contact-printed µPAD using a folded paper [97]. This method demonstrated a simple operation by folding paper, where the fabrication process was fast, easy, flexible, and low cost.…”

Section: Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Flow Control, and Applications of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices

2019

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Paper-based microfluidic devices have advanced significantly in recent years as they are affordable, automated with capillary action, portable, and biodegradable diagnostic platforms for a variety of health, environmental, and food quality applications. In terms of commercialization, however, paper-based microfluidics still have to overcome significant challenges to become an authentic point-of-care testing format with the advanced capabilities of analyte purification, multiplex analysis, quantification, and detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, fluid flow manipulation for multistep integration, which involves valving and flow velocity control, is also a critical parameter to achieve high-performance devices. Considering these limitations, the aim of this review is to (i) comprehensively analyze the fabrication techniques of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, (ii) provide a theoretical background and various methods for fluid flow manipulation, and iii) highlight the recent detection techniques developed for various applications, including their advantages and disadvantages.

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“…Paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have been widely used in the scientific community, since Whitesides group first proposed it in 2007 [1]. μPADs have a number of merits, such as ease of use, low volume, biodegradability, portability, disposability, and good biocompatibility [2]. In recent years, a variety of analytical methods have been reported to be integrated with μPADs, including as electrochemistry [3], colorimetry [4], fluorometry [5], surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [6], chemiluminescence [7], electrophoresis [8], chromatography [9], and mass spectrometry (MS) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Single-Layered Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for the Analysis of Nitrite and Glucose Built via Deposition of Adhesive Tape

Deng

Yang

2019

Sensors

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A simple, low-cost technique has been developed for the rapid fabrication of single-layered paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs). This technique, for the first time, made use of the deposition of patterned adhesive tape into the filter paper to construct hydrophobic barriers, with the help of toluene. Unlike other reported multi-layered μPADs that merely made use of adhesive tape as a separate layer for sealing or fluid flow controlling, the patterned adhesive tape was simultaneously dissolved and penetrated into the filter paper, which resulted in the successful transfer of the pattern from the tape to the filter paper. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, nitrite and glucose were individually measured; detection limits as low as 0.015 ± 0.004 mM and 0.022 ± 0.006 mM were reported for nitrite and glucose, respectively. Multiplexed analysis of both analytes was also carried out with respective detection limits of 0.048 ± 0.005 mM and 0.025 ± 0.006 mM for nitrite and glucose. The application of the method was demonstrated by measuring nitrite and glucose in spiked artificial urine samples and satisfied recovery results were obtained.

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Low-cost fabrication of a paper-based microfluidic using a folded pattern paper

Cited by 46 publications

References 46 publications

Negligible-cost microfluidic device fabrication using 3D-printed interconnecting channel scaffolds

Negligible-cost microfluidic device fabrication using 3D-printed interconnecting channel scaffolds

Fabrication, Flow Control, and Applications of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices

New Single-Layered Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for the Analysis of Nitrite and Glucose Built via Deposition of Adhesive Tape

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