Low-Cost Fabrication of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Personalized Vascular Phantoms for In Vitro Hemodynamic Studies: Three Applications

Annio, Giacomo; Franzetti, Gaia; Bonfanti, Mirko; Gallarello, Antonio; Palombi, Andrea; Momi, Elena De; Homer‐Vanniasinkam, Shervanthi; Würdemann, Helge A.; Tsang, Victor; Díaz‐Zuccarini, Vanessa; Torii, Ryo; Balabani, Stavroula; Burriesci, G

doi:10.1115/1.4045760

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Following polymerisation of the silicone, the model was immersed in water, in order to dissolve the PVA mould and free the lumen of the U-bend pipe [26]. To minimise optical distortion, a liquid solution of the same refractive index as the silicone was prepared and used as working fluid.…”

Section: Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (EMRI) Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

et al. 2021

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Flow-sensitive four-dimensional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (4D Flow CMR) has increasingly been utilised to characterise patients' blood flow, in association with patiens' state of health and disease, even though spatial and temporal resolutions still constitute a limit. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool that could expand these information and, if integrated with experimentally-obtained velocity fields, would enable to derive a large variety of the flow descriptors of interest. However, the accuracy of the flow parameters is highly influenced by the quality of the input data such as the anatomical model and boundary conditions typically derived from medical images including 4D Flow CMR. We previously proposed a novel approach in which 4D Flow CMR and CFD velocity fields are integrated to obtain an Enhanced 4D Flow CMR (EMRI), allowing to overcome the spatial-resolution limitation of 4D Flow CMR, and enable an accurate quantification of flow. In this paper, the proposed approach is validated in a U bend channel, an idealised model of the human aortic arch. The flow patterns were studied with 4D Flow CMR, CFD and EMRI, and compared with high resolution 2D PIV experiments obtained in pulsatile conditions. The main strengths and limitations of 4D Flow CMR and CFD were illustrated by exploiting the accuracy of PIV by comparing against PIV velocity fields. EMRI flow patterns showed a better qualitative and quantitative agreement with PIV results than the other techniques. EMRI enables to overcome the experimental

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Section: Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (EMRI) Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

et al. 2021

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“…The accuracy of EMRI flow computation was confirmed by the in vitro validation. The development of the experimental setup leads to a novel methodology to generate phantom for flow studies, published in the Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy (JESMDT) by American Society of Mechanical Engineering [1]. The same manufacturing methodology was applied to an inter-departmental project leading to another publication [2].…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel manufacturing process was adopted [1], involving three stages (Figure 4.2): (1) Creation of the geometry; (2) 3D printing in Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA);…”

Section: Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Computational Fluid Dynamics

Annio

Torii

Ariff

et al. 2019

Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy

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The analysis of the blood flow in the great thoracic arteries does provide valuable information about the cardiac function and can diagnose the potential development of vascular diseases. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow CMR) is often used to characterize patients' blood flow in the clinical environment. Nevertheless, limited spatial and temporal resolution hinders a detailed assessment of the hemodynamics. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could expand this information and, integrated with experimental velocity field, enable to derive the pressure maps. However, the limited resolution of the 4D flow CMR and the simplifications of CFD modeling compromise the accuracy of the computed flow parameters. In this article, a novel approach is proposed, where 4D flow CMR and CFD velocity fields are integrated synergistically to obtain an enhanced MR imaging (EMRI). The approach was first tested on a two-dimensional (2D) portion of a pipe, to understand the behavior of the parameters of the model in this novel framework, and afterwards in vivo, to apply it to the analysis of blood flow in a patient-specific human aorta. The outcomes of EMRI are assessed by comparing the computed velocities with the experimental one. The results demonstrate that EMRI preserves flow structures while correcting for experimental noise. Therefore, it can provide better insights into the hemodynamics of cardiovascular problems, overcoming the limitations of MRI and CFD, even when considering a small region of interest. EMRI confirmed its potential to provide more accurate noninvasive estimation of major cardiovascular risk predictors (e.g., flow patterns, endothelial shear stress) and become a novel diagnostic tool.

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“…Over the last decade, the above aspects have benefited from the improvement of high-resolution imaging analysis and additive manufacturing [ 7 , 8 ]. Nowadays, high-resolution imaging acquisition, which can be easily post-processed to provide CAD models of the solid parts, is used to recreate patient-specific (PS) anatomy [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Models Can Assist Choice of an Aortic Phantom for In Vitro Testing

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: The realization of appropriate aortic replicas for in vitro experiments requires a suitable choice of both the material and geometry. The matching between the grade of details of the geometry and the mechanical response of the materials is an open issue that deserves attention. (2) Methods: To explore this issue, we performed a series of Fluid–Structure Interaction simulations, which compared the dynamics of three aortic models. Specifically, we reproduced a patient-specific geometry with a wall of biological tissue or silicone, and a parametric geometry based on in vivo data made in silicone. The biological tissue and the silicone were modeled with a fiber-oriented anisotropic and isotropic hyperelastic model, respectively. (3) Results: Clearly, both the aorta’s geometry and its constitutive material contribute to the determination of the aortic arch deformation; specifically, the parametric aorta exhibits a strain field similar to the patient-specific model with biological tissue. On the contrary, the local geometry affects the flow velocity distribution quite a lot, although it plays a minor role in the helicity along the arch. (4) Conclusions: The use of a patient-specific prototype in silicone does not a priori ensure a satisfactory reproducibility of the real aorta dynamics. Furthermore, the present simulations suggest that the realization of a simplified replica with the same compliance of the real aorta is able to mimic the overall behavior of the vessel.

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Low-Cost Fabrication of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Personalized Vascular Phantoms for In Vitro Hemodynamic Studies: Three Applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Experimental Validation of Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (EMRI) Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

Experimental Validation of Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (EMRI) Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

Enhancing Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Computational Fluid Dynamics

Numerical Models Can Assist Choice of an Aortic Phantom for In Vitro Testing

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