GaN nanorods (NRs) with exceptional crystal-defined morphologies
were grown by near-equilibrium hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE)
on c-plane sapphire (0001) and silicon (111) substrates. Hexagonal
faceted individual, bunched, and hyperbunched GaN NRs were synthesized
by using a catalyst-free process. GaN NRs with a diameter in the range
of 125–700 nm and a length in the range of 0.9–3 μm
were grown in a record short process time of 30 min. The influence
of growth temperature and ammonia gas flow rate was investigated to
establish the nucleation and the growth mechanisms of the GaN NRs.
Shape and crystallographic facets of the NRs are discussed and a condensation
growth mechanism is proposed for the formation of bunched GaN NRs.
Emphasis is placed on the crystal symmetry of the nuclei in the first
stage of growth. The morphology and the structural properties were
analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD).