“…Thus, different factors play a role in the reduction of thermal conductivity of perovskite oxides. Widely discussed factors are crystal structure variations, grain size, 20 grain boundaries 11,21 and oxygen vacancies, which are associated with the increased phonon scattering, resulting in reduced thermal conductivity of the lattice. Many of the previous studies on polycrystalline materials, such as perovskite oxides, discuss oxygen vacancies or defect generation that increase the phonon scattering, resulting in the thermal conductivity reduction.…”