Low probability of intercept radar strategies

Abstract

To reduce probability of intercept, in most cases, the form and magnitude of the radar transmissions are designed to spread energy over as wide a range of dimensions as possible. Equally, in response to this, designs for electronic surveillance measures (ESM) systems have been postulated that increase receiver sensitivity. Their purpose is to increase detection range beyond that of the radar (or to an adequate range if they are to be forward deployed). The authors examine the evolving nature of the relationship between advanced 'low probability of intercept' (LPI) radar designs and future trends in ESM receiving capability. This relationship is far from straightforward, being both probabilistic and dependent on environmental and operational factors. Indeed this is complicated still further by the issue of affordability. The authors compute the performance of ESM and radar systems for a number of cases, including not just simple interception, but also the extraction of information from intercepted signals. In this way the key factors influencing the detectability of LPI radar systems are determined. It is demonstrated that it is never possible to be completely certain that a radar system has not been detected and that the most appropriate way to implement an LPI radar design is always closely related to the tactical environment in which the radar system will be used. Indeed this often overrides the technical aspects of system performance.

Novel Power Control Scheme for Target Tracking in Radar Network with Passive Cooperation

“…Technically speaking, low transmit power, short dwell time, large revisit interval, and ultra-low side lobe antenna will lead to better LPI performance. Thus, the problem of LPI based radar resource scheduling in traditional monostatic radars has been extensively studied from various perspectives [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] [26]. In [24], a novel radar energy control algorithm based on an improved interacting multiple model particle filtering (IMMPF) was formulated for LPI performance enhancement, which controlled the radiation time and power of radar according to the target's range and radar cross section (RCS) with a given probability of target detection.…”

Cognitive MIMO Frequency Diverse Array Radar with High LPI Performance

“…To interpret the effect of frequency diversity within the scope of an array factor, we should factor the vector element pattern out of (2). This can indeed be done under certain conditions.…”

“…In light of the significant threat presented by electronic support measures receivers, there has been a growing trend towards the development of low probability of intercept (LPI) radar systems. Numerous techniques have been proposed to lower the detection probability by the electronic support measures receivers of targets [2][3][4]. These technologies include high duty cycle, wideband waveforms, lower sidelobes, and broader antenna beam pattern [5,6].…”

Analisis kebijakan standardisasi keamanan perangkat telekomunikasi untuk menunjang kebijakan pertahanan dan keamanan nasional (Policy analysis on telecommunication devices security standardization to support national security and defence policy)

“…Pengembangan penelitian low probability of interception/LPI pada transmission security sering ditemukan pada perangkat radar. Radar LPI digunakan oleh personil militer untuk mendeteksi dan mengunci target/lawan, namun radar itu sendiri sulit terdeteksi oleh perangkat deteksi pasif pihak lawan (Stove, 2004).…”