LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE OF SWITCHGRASS (<i>Panicum virgatum</i> L.)

Hope, H. J.; McElroy, A. R.

doi:10.4141/cjps90-131

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In recent studies, the freeze tolerance of perennial rhizomatous grasses selected for bioenergy production was evaluated based on the regrowth of plant tissues after freezing ended. The lethal temperature at which 50% of Miscanthus plants were killed ranged from –3·4 to –6·5°C (Clifton‐Brown and Lewandowski, ), whereas in switchgrass, cold tolerance observed in November came to a plateau from –19 to –22°C (Hope and McElroy, ). These data were strictly related to annual fluctuations present in the field, and no direct comparison can be made between them because hardening conditions were different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze tolerance and physiological changes during cold acclimation of giant reed [Arundo donax (L.)]

Pompeiano

Vita

Miele

et al. 2013

Grass and Forage Science

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Arundo donax L. (Poaceae), giant reed, is a rhizomatous shrubby grass that is cultivated in subtropical and warm temperate regions for a multitude of uses. Recently, it has been identified as a leading sustainable, non-food crop for lignocellulosic biofuels due to its low ecological and agronomic demands. Lack of cold hardiness may limit its diffusion into colder areas of the transition zone. The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify freeze tolerance (LT 50 ) of coldacclimated and non-acclimated Arundo donax L. plants using reproducible, controlled environment conditions, (ii) determine the effect of prolonged exposure to freeze stress on tolerance by keeping plants at a constant, sublethal temperature and (iii) study the relationship of non-structural carbohydrates (total soluble sugars, glucose, fructose and sucrose) and proline accumulation with cold hardiness. In vitro-propagated plants of the Honduran and Hungarian ecotypes of Arundo donax L. were chosen for this study. Cold acclimation treatment was imposed for 1 week using a controlled environment chamber set at 10°C and with a 12-h photoperiod of 200 lmol m À2 s À1 photosynthetically active radiation. Freeze tolerance ranged from À12Á8°C (Honduran) to À16Á4°C (Hungarian ecotype). In all the organs analysed, total soluble sugars significantly increased during cold acclimation, with concentrations between 1Á8-and 4Á7-fold higher than in non-acclimated plants. The higher concentrations of sugars and proline in cold-acclimated plants were positively associated with enhanced giant reed freeze tolerance (2Á9°C lower). Our results confirm that during cold acclimation, metabolic changes related to increased freezing tolerance occur in giant reed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze tolerance and physiological changes during cold acclimation of giant reed [Arundo donax (L.)]

Pompeiano

Vita

Miele

et al. 2013

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Many studies have established that adaptation in the northern range of P. virgatum involves phenology for a short growing season and tolerance to cold winter temperatures (Nielsen 1947;Hope and McElroy 1990;Moser and Vogel 1995;Casler et al 2004Casler et al , 2007Berdahl et al 2005;Casler and Smart 2013). Nielsen (1947) observed near complete survival of northern lines but near complete mortality of southern lines due to winter injury in a common garden in Madison, Wisconsin.…”

Section: Adaptation Along Environmental Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adaptations between Ecotypes and along Environmental Gradients inPanicum virgatum

Lowry

Behrman

Grabowski

et al. 2014

The American Naturalist

100

125

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Determining the patterns and mechanisms of natural selection in the wild is of fundamental importance to understanding the differentiation of populations and the evolution of new species. However, it is often unknown the extent to which adaptive genetic variation is distributed among ecotypes between distinct habitats versus along large-scale geographic environmental gradients, such as those that track latitude. Classic studies of selection in the wild in switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, tested for adaptation at both of these levels of natural variation. Here we review what these field experiments and modern agronomic field trials have taught us about natural variation and selection at both the ecotype and environmental gradient levels in P. virgatum. With recent genome sequencing efforts in P. virgatum, it is poised to become an excellent system for understanding the adaptation of grassland species across the eastern half of North America. The identification of genetic loci involved in different types of adaptations will help to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of diversification within P. virgatum and provide useful information for the breeding of high-yielding cultivars for different ecoregions.

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“…Most research on the frost tolerance of crops has concentrated on the aerial parts of plants, since these are exposed to more extreme temperatures than the subterranean parts, but exceptions include work on the overwintering of the stolons of Trifolium repens (Svenning et al, 1997), and the rhizomes of Spartina gracilis (Schwarz & Reaney, 1989) and Panicum virgatum (Hope & McElroy, 1990). Much frost-tolerance work has shown that chemical composition can influence the temperature at which the living tissue is damaged.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Speculation about the causes include the observation that at some locations in winter, periods of higher temperatures (8-12mC) cause the shoots of M.igiganteus to emerge, to be subsequently damaged by lower temperatures. Acclimation (hardening and de-hardening) to low temperatures needs to be investigated for Miscanthus as it has been for clover (Svenning et al, 1997) and Panicum (Hope & McElroy, 1990). Fungal infections such as Fusarium might also damage tissue if winters have warm and wet phases.…”

Section: Values Of Ltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overwintering problems of newly established Miscanthus plantations can be overcome by identifying genotypes with improved rhizome cold tolerance

2000

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Miscanthus, a perennial rhizomatous C % grass, is a potential biomass crop in Europe, mainly because of its high yield potential and low demand for inputs. However, until recently only a single clone, M.igiganteus, was available for the extensive field trials performed across Europe and this showed poor overwintering in the first year after planting at some locations in Northern Europe. Therefore, field trials with five Miscanthus genotypes, including two acquisitions of Miscanthusigiganteus, one of M. sacchariflorus and two hybrids of M. sinensis were planted in early summer 1997 at four sites, in Sweden, Denmark, England and Germany. The field trials showed that better overwintering of newly established plants at a site was not apparently connected with size or early senescence. An artificial freezing test with rhizomes removed from the field in January 1998 showed that the lethal temperature at which 50% were killed (LT &! ) for M.igiganteus and M. sacchariflorus genotypes was k3n4mC. However, LT&! in one of the M. sinensis hybrid genotypes tested was k6n5mC and this genotype had the highest survival rates in the field in Sweden and Denmark. Although the carbohydrate content of rhizomes, osmotic potential of cell sap and mineral composition were not found to explain differences in frost tolerance adequately, moisture contents correlated with frost hardiness (LT &! ) in most cases. The results obtained form a basis for identifying suitable Miscanthus genotypes for biomass production in the differing climatic regions of Europe.

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LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE OF SWITCHGRASS (Panicum virgatum L.)

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Freeze tolerance and physiological changes during cold acclimation of giant reed [Arundo donax (L.)]

Freeze tolerance and physiological changes during cold acclimation of giant reed [Arundo donax (L.)]

Adaptations between Ecotypes and along Environmental Gradients inPanicum virgatum

Overwintering problems of newly established Miscanthus plantations can be overcome by identifying genotypes with improved rhizome cold tolerance

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