Low Volume Water Desalination in the Gaza Strip – Al Salam Small Scale RO Water Desalination Plant Case Study

Shatat, Mahmoud; Arakelyan, Karen; Shatat, Omar; Forster, Tim; Mushtaha, Ashraf M.; Riffat, Saffa

doi:10.5334/fce.40

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Since the pandemic onset, more water quantities are demanded to ensure hygiene practices at the household level and infection prevention control at healthcare facilities compared to the prior COVID-19 era (29,30). The per capita daily water consumption is 88.3 liters per capita per day (lcd) in 2019, below the acceptable standard of 100 liters per capita per day recommended by the WHO (31,32).…”

Section: Water Sanitation and Hygienementioning

confidence: 97%

Preparedness and Readiness Strategies for Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Fragile and Conflict Settings: Experiences of the Gaza Strip

Abuzerr

Abu-Aita

Al-Najjar

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health threat of serious concern, especially in conflict settings that face fragility and lack adequate resources and capacities. Gaza suffers from a blockade imposed by the Israeli occupation, environmental deterioration, confiscation of lands, demolition of houses and hospitals, restrictions on movement, lack of control over natural resources, and financial constraints. Gaza's population is consequently living in a poor humanitarian situation with high unemployment rates, poverty, over-crowdedness, and a weak health system. This makes Gaza incredibly fragile and affects its ability to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic effectively. The pandemic is expected to deepen Gaza's systems' fragility, which is already overstretched beyond their limits. This will hinder its capacity to deal with the pandemic, and other pre-existing pressing humanitarian needs. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively explored Gaza's policy failures and successes related to the COVID-19 preparedness and response by state and non-state actors and recommend potential solutions and alternatives. We have addressed critical issues including the health system, water, sanitation, hygiene, socio-economic, education, food security, and others. In Gaza, effectiveness in combating the COVID-19 pandemic can only come from committed political will, transparency from all regulators, strategic dialogue, comprehensive planning, and active international support.

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Section: Water Sanitation and Hygienementioning

confidence: 97%

Preparedness and Readiness Strategies for Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Fragile and Conflict Settings: Experiences of the Gaza Strip

Abuzerr

Abu-Aita

Al-Najjar

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Temperature: Deir El Balah is located at the middle part of Gaza Strip, which is considered within the arid desert climate. The average daily mean temperature ranges from 25°C in summer to 13°C in winter [9].…”

Section: Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Flood Defense Alternaives for the Beach of Deir El Balah Camp, Palestine

Abualtayef

2021

JERT

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The development along the coastal zone has led to the host of problems such as erosion, siltation, flooding, loss of coastal resources and the destruction of the fragile marine habitats. The erosion threatens the coastal zone, which affects people's economic, tourist, and recreational life. The main reason of the erosion is due to Khan Younis breakwater and the sea waves working on empty the beachy sand, thereby flooding and scouring the area as it ebbs and removing part of the unconsolidated sand. This study uses Geographic Information System to detect changes in the coastline along Deir El Balah coast during the 1972–2020 period. Shoreline change rates in the form of erosion and accretion patterns are quantified. In addition, four alternatives are proposed to to mitigate the current problems raised by repeated flooding and erosion through reefballs, cubes, geotubes and seawalls and analyze their impacts on coastal protection to provide the best possible mitigations in environmental, economical and engineering terms. Multi criteria analysis is used to assess the alternatives with respect to criteria that capture the key dimensions of the selection process. Multi criteria have been selected and addressed the most important factors when planning, designing, financing, and implementing coastal protection measures. Based on the analysis, the best alternative of three-row reefballs submerged breakwaters is recommended.

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“…The OPT's population, as for October 2018, is around 5,100,000 [1], distributed as approximately 3.05 million in the West Bank and approximately 2.05 million in the Gaza Strip. its division into Area A, Area B, and Area C, according to the 1993/1995-Oslo Agreements (after [19]; Right: Map of the Gaza Strip, showing the groundwater level in m (middle) and water quality, in terms of chlorite and nitrate concentrations (left and right) of the Coastal Aquifer System (CAS) (after [10].) 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Zeleke¹,

Birhan²,

Ambachew³

2019

JAC

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Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.

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Low Volume Water Desalination in the Gaza Strip – Al Salam Small Scale RO Water Desalination Plant Case Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Preparedness and Readiness Strategies for Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Fragile and Conflict Settings: Experiences of the Gaza Strip

Preparedness and Readiness Strategies for Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Fragile and Conflict Settings: Experiences of the Gaza Strip

Development of Flood Defense Alternaives for the Beach of Deir El Balah Camp, Palestine

Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

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