Despite the importance of urban agriculture as a strategic axe of resilience to poverty, Ziguinchor's urban agriculture is not well considered by the municipalty autorities and suffers from spatial and soil transformations. The study aims to establish a frame of reference for soil physicochemical characteristics of the agricultural valleys of Ziguinchor's city. For that, 180 soil core samples were collected on the horizon [0-20] cm. They were made up of 12 composite samples analyzed at the Senegal National Pedology Institute. The study showed a predominance of hydromorphic soils with a silty-clay-sandy texture, characterized by a relatively stable structure. Although generally acidic (pH≤ 5) and sodic by location, these soils are relatively rich in OM (0.84%), particularly in the upstream parts of the valleys. The Kandialang-Djibock valley has the most rich soils in OM (1.143%) and a nutrient cation percentage available for crops that exceeds 80%. However, in all valleys, the soils are considered to be very low in N with an interval content [0,10-0.25%], although the C/N ratio is less than 12. Urbanization, silting, acidification and gradual salinization of soils are the main constraints of agricultural production. The solution to these constraints lies in maintaining the fertility and agricultural productivity of these soils, rehabilitating anti-salt dykes and combating the silting of valleys.