<p>Association between heterozygote Val92Met <em>MC1R</em> gene polymorphisms with incidence of melasma: a study of Javanese women population in Yogyakarta</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Melasma is an acquired hypermelanosis of the face. The pathogenesis of melasma is multifactorial and may be caused by interactions between genetics and the environment. Research has shown that skin pigmentation is regulated by the Melanocortin-1 Receptor gene ( MC1R ). In Japanese populations, Val92Met and Arg163Gln genotypes of MC1R gene polymorphisms are associated with freckles and lentigo solaris, because they have skin types II–III, but for Indonesians who are skin type IV, hyperpigmentation disorders are often melasma. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the association between Val92Met and Arg163Gln genotypes of MC1R gene polymorphisms with the incidence of melasma in a Javanese women population. Patients and methods: This study used unmatched case-control design, conducted by clinical examination and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Chi-squared test and Odds Ratio (OR). Results: This study evaluated 158 Javanese women from 18–60 years old with 79 case and 79 control subjects. The genotype of Val92Met was found more common in melasma subjects than in non-melasma (p = 0.005) with (OR2.53; 95% CI:1.21–5.29). By using a bivariate test we showed sun exposure and family history of melasma were risk factors for melasma (OR:1.99; 95% CI:1.04–3.78) and (OR:35.32; 95% CI:10.25–121.70). However, genotype of Arg163Gln was not a risk factor for the incidence of melasma (OR: 0.86; 95% CI:0.39–1.89). Conclusion: The findings showed Val92Met genotypes, sun exposure and family history were risk factors for melasma incidence. This is the first study on incidence of melasma in an Indonesian population and contributes to ongoing efforts to understand the mechanisms of melasma.

Analysis of Factors Associated with Melasma Among Female Gas Station Workers in Nanjing

“…The study found that all races have the risk of Melasma, but Asian, Indian, Latin American, and African Americans have a higher prevalence [3][4]. A recent genetic analysis of a cohort study found a significant correlation between the occurrence of Melasma and race, family history, and genetic factors, with more than 64% of patients having a positive family history [5]. The study of 56 patients with Melasma, and 39 healthy controls in the White Dynasty showed that the incidence of Melasma was related to the polymorphism of ERα gene Xba I genotype, ERβ gene Alu I, and Rsa I genotype.…”

Update on Melasma—Part I: Pathogenesis

“…The most potent regulator of eumelanogenesis is the melanocortin type 1 receptor (MC1R), which is transcripted from a highly polymorphic gene responsible for multiple phenotypes of skin and hair color, as well as skin sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation [ 14 ]. In melasma, MC1R polymorphism, as characterized by substitution of guanosine for adenosine at codon 92 (Val92Met), is prevalent in Javanese women when compared with controls [ 15 ].…”

The Relationship Between Sunscreen Application and Severity Of Melasma

“…Broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30) application was shown to reduce nevi in children in a 2000 study (Young et al, 2017). The incidence of melasma often occurs in Indonesia, because the majority of population has Fitzpatrick IV skin type (Suryaningsih et al, 2019). Based on the description above, authors are interested in conducting research on "The Relationship between Sunscreen Application and Severity of Melasma".…”