To date, more than 30 human peptides or proteins have
been found
to form amyloid fibrils, most of which are associated with human diseases.
However, currently, no cure for amyloidosis exists. Therefore, development
of therapeutic strategies to inhibit amyloid formation is urgently
required. Although the role of some amyloidogenic proteins has not
been identified in certain diseases, their self-assembling behavior
largely affects their bioactivity. Human calcitonin (hCT) is a hormone
peptide containing 32 amino acids and is secreted by the parafollicular
cells of the thyroid gland in the human body. It can regulate the
concentration of calcium ions in the blood and block the activity
of osteoclasts. Therefore, calcitonin has also been considered a therapeutic
peptide. However, the aggregation of hCT hinders this process, and
hCT has been replaced by salmon calcitonin in drug formulations. Recently,
iron oxide nanomaterials have been developed as potential materials
for various applications owing to their high biocompatibility, low
toxicity, and ease of functionalization. In this study, nanoparticles
(NPs) were prepared using a simple chemical coprecipitation method.
We first demonstrated that dopamine-conjugated Fe
3
O
4
inhibited hCT aggregation, similar to what we found when
carbon dots were used as core materials in the previous study. Later,
we continued to simplify the preparation process, that is, the mixing
of dihydrocaffeic acid (DCA) and iron oxide NPs, to maintain their
stability and inhibitory effect against hCT aggregation. Furthermore,
DCA-decorated Fe
3
O
4
can dissociate preformed
hCT amyloid fibrils. This appears to be one of the most promising
ways to stabilize hCT in solution and may be helpful for amyloidosis
treatment.