<p>Virulence-associated genes and drug susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolated from patients with urinary tract infection</p>

Abstract

Background: Different Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups, such as A, B1, B2, and D, have four functional groups – adhesins, microcins, toxins, and capsules – which can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). A phylogenetic group with a high virulence content becomes a worldwide health concern. Resistance to antimicrobial agents increasingly complicates the management of E. coli extraintestinal infections, as a major source of illness, death, and increased health care costs. The aim of this study was to determine the virulence content and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of different uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) phylogenetic groups in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: Phylogenetic groups, virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were detected by molecular and phenotypic methods in a total of 232 clinically well-characterized E. coli strains, isolated from two collections of patients with hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) UTIs. Results: Our results revealed that among 232 UPEC strains, the most frequent phylogenetic group was phylogroup D (58%) with the greatest content in virulence factors, including kpsM (23%), neuA (76.3%, capsule), cnf (29.6%, toxin), and Pap (54.8%, adhesin). Phylogroups D and, to a lesser extent, B2 were the most drug-resistant phylogroups. In addition, phylogroup D was responsible for the majority of HA (64.7%) and CA (48.4%) infections. Conclusion: Among UPEC strains causing UTIs, different phylogroups, through different VAGs, could cause severe infection. Knowledge about the distribution of the four functional groups and VAGs belonging to these phylogroups would significantly help to confine and prevent the development of lethal infection caused by these strains.

<p>Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> Among Iranian Kidney Transplant Patients</p>

“…This high resistance rate may be due to the extensive and routine use of these agents in treatment patients with UTI. 8,22,30,32,35 Similar to our finding, a report from China established that among KTPs, all gram-negative bacteria like UPEC were susceptible to carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem) that might be related to its low usage in routine treatments for UTIs. In this regard, carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem represent a good choice for serious UTIs.…”

“…Similar to our results, the results indicated that cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, cefixime, and ceftazidime had a high level of antibiotic resistance. 34 Moreover, a similar resistant pattern was also reported by Shokouhi Mostafavi et al 35 and Farajzadah Sheikh et al 8 in Iran.…”

“…This outcome is excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics, the default in treatment, poor infection prevention and control, and microbial characteristics. 7,8 UTIs caused by extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli account for one of the major therapeutic and epidemiologic challenges in KTPs. 9 The prevalence of infections caused by ESBL-producing E. coli has steadily been increased in recent years that significantly reduces therapeutic options and is followed by an increased mortality rate.…”

Snapshot of Phylogenetic Groups, Virulence, and Resistance Markers in Escherichia coli Uropathogenic Strains Isolated from Outpatients with Urinary Tract Infections in Bucharest, Romania

“…A study performed in Brazil showed that UTIs in men were more frequently caused by PG B2 isolates, harboring an extended VFs genes profile [12]. A study performed in Iran on 232 UPEC strains revealed that the most frequent PG was D (both for hospital and CA infections (58%), exhibiting the highest number of VF and resistance markers [16].…”

Virulence Factors and Phylogenetic Characteristics of Uropathogenic <i>Eschericihia coli</i> Strains Isolated in Saratov

“…основным этиологическим агентом имп является уропатогенная E. coli (упэк). при бактериологическом исследовании мочи у пациентов с имп данный микроорганизм выделяется в 50-90 % случаев [1,2]. по данным литературы, вирулентность упэк при имп связывалась с наличием у них адгезинов, систем захвата и утилизации ионов железа (сидерофоры), токсинов, а также механизмов, позволяющих противостоять иммунной защите макроорганизма [3,4].…”