Lumbar Facet Orientation in Spondylolysis: A Skeletal Study

Masharawi, Youssef; Alperovitch‐Najenson, Deborah; Steinberg, Nili; Dar, Gali; Peleg, Smadar; Rothschild, Bruce M.; Salame, Khalil; Hershkovitz, Israel

doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000257565.41856.0f

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the congenital or developmental theory, the lysis is thought to be the result of the normal mechanical forces of the erect position toward the dysplastic isthmus and surrounding bone structures [21]. This is also supported by the high incidence of spondylolisthesis observed in certain ethnic groups and the heredity of spondylolisthesis in some families.…”

Section: Etiologysupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Based on recent defect has a superomedial portion running horizontally (arrow) and an inferolateral portion running vertically (arrow). c The defect, which has an atypical course in the left pars of L3 (arrows), is also seen studies, it is postulated that the orientation and shape of the facet joints, such as more frontally oriented facet with a wide surface during extension and flexion and higher stresses on the posterior element, is related to the development of these clefts [12,21,44].…”

Section: Non-isthmic Spondylolysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis: various imaging features and natural courses

Nakayama

Ehara

2014

Jpn J Radiol

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with spondylolysis and the other with degeneration of facet joints and/or intervertebral disc. Many patients with spondylolysis remain asymptomatic and certain cases become symptomatic, with low back pain and, less commonly, radicular pain. Spondylolisthesis can also be asymptomatic, but may cause low back pain, spinal instability, and radiculopathy, which requires conservative and/or surgical treatment.The incidence of lumbar spondylolysis has been reported to be 8 % in the adult population [2], and it was variable among races and sexes. Sakai et al. [3] reported that the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis among the Japanese population between 20 and 29 years of age, found by multidetector CT, was 5.9 %, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Spondylolysis has never been seen in newborn babies: it is seen only after walking. The upright posture and bipedal position play a role in the development of spondylolysis [4]. The prevalence of lumbar spondylolisthesis was reported to be 20.7 % in the adult population, and spondylolysis without spondylolisthesis was relatively uncommon and was only seen at the lower lumbar level [5].Although bone defects of typical isthmic spondylolysis run obliquely through the pars interarticularis, and are well depicted on oblique lumbar radiography, atypical isthmic defects have been reported in several papers [6,7]. The pathomechanism and incidence of atypical isthmic defects is not well known, and the radiographic appearance of atypical isthmic spondylolysis has not been well recognized among radiologists. Other atypical spondylolyses included various types, and two variations have been reported in the literature [8][9][10]. Unilateral spondylolysis accounts for 3-33 % of all cases of spondylolysis and has been estimated to be approximately 3-7 % of the general population [11]. It may be associated with certain athletic activities, such as cricket, ballet, and gymnastics, and the association with Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review typical and atypical imaging features of spondylolytic spondyolisthesis and natural courses. Imaging features of the typical pars defect in early phase include bone marrow edema of the isthmus on MR imaging with progression of bone defect on plain radiography or CT. There are various defect types (pedicular cleft, retroisthmic cleft) and locations (upper lumbar spine and unilateral lesions). Natural courses also vary, with different patterns of progression and stabilization. Clinical correlation of the imaging and clinical features is often difficult.

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Section: Etiologysupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Non-isthmic Spondylolysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis: various imaging features and natural courses

Nakayama

Ehara

2014

Jpn J Radiol

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“…There is controversy concerning the relationship between facet joint asymmetry and lumbar spinal degeneration [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Karacan and colleagues [5] stated that asymmetry of the facet joints strongly correlates with the development of lumbar disc herniation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karacan and colleagues [5] stated that asymmetry of the facet joints strongly correlates with the development of lumbar disc herniation. Moreover, facet joint asymmetry might be a risk factor for the development of lumbar disc degeneration [7], or lumbar spondylolisthesis [4,6]. Facet joint arthrosis is considered as an age-dependent phenomenon with subsequent facet asymmetry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Facet joint arthrosis is considered as an age-dependent phenomenon with subsequent facet asymmetry. The prevalence of facet joint arthrosis is greater for the right side in the lower lumbar spine [6,8]. On the contrary, there are several studies which demonstrated that little correlation exists between facet asymmetry and lumbar spinal degeneration including spondylolisthesis [9,10], degeneration of facet joint [11,12], and lumbar disc herniation in adults [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laterality of cervical disc herniation

Takahashi¹,

Yasuhara²,

Kumamoto³

et al. 2012

Eur Spine J

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Purpose Cervical disc herniation (CDH) is found more frequently at the lower cervical spine than at the upper or middle level. However, there is scarcity of data about the laterality of CDH. The aim of this study is to detect the laterality of CDH. Methods We retrospectively evaluated preoperative computed tomography myelograms and magnetic resonance images of 75 cases of CDH who underwent single level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at C4-5, C5-6, or C6-7 levels from 2008 to 2010 in our institute. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test. Results Eleven cases were found at C4-5 level, 42 cases at C5-6 level, and 22 cases at C6-7 level. At C4-5 level, CDH was recognized at the right side in 2 cases, at the left side in 2 cases, and at the center in 7 cases. At C5-6 level, CDH was found at the right side in 20 cases and at the left side in 22 cases. At C6-7 level, CDH was found at the right side in 3 cases and at the left side in 19 cases with significantly high frequency of left-sided CDH (p \ 0.025). Conclusions In this study, it was revealed that the leftsided CDH was more frequent than the right-sided CDH at C6-7 level.

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Hominin vertebrae and upper limb bone fossils from Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa (1998–2003 excavations)

Pickering

Heaton

Clarke

et al. 2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: We provide descriptions and functional interpretations of 11 >2.0 Ma hominin vertebral and upper limb fossils from Sterkfontein. Materials and methods:We employed taphonomic methods to describe postmortem damage observed on the fossils. We used osteometric tools and measurements to generate quantitative descriptions, which were added to qualitative descriptions of the fossils. These observations were then interpreted using published data on the same skeletal elements from extant and extinct hominoid taxa.Results: Six of the fossils carry carnivore tooth marks. Two vertebrae show morphologies that are consistent with fully developed lordosis of the lumbar spine, but which are not completely consistent with bipedal loading of the same intensity and/or frequency as reflected in the lumbars of modern humans. A clavicle shows a combination of humanlike and apelike features, the latter of which would have endowed its hominin with good climbing abilities. When combined, analyses of fragmentary radius and ulna fossils yield more ambiguous results. Discussion:The new fossil collection presents a mix of bipedal and climbing features. It is unclear whether this mix indicates that all Sterkfontein hominins of >2.0 Ma were terrestrial bipeds who retained adaptations for climbing or whether the collection samples two differently adapted, coeval hominins, Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus prometheus, both of which are represented at Sterkfontein by skull remains. Regardless, the significant frequency of tooth-marked fossils in the sample might indicate that predation was a selection pressure that maintained climbing adaptations in at least some Sterkfontein hominins of this period.

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Lumbar Facet Orientation in Spondylolysis: A Skeletal Study

Abstract: Individuals with more frontally oriented facets in the lower lumbar vertebrae incorporated with facet tropism are at a greater risk for developing isthmic spondylolysis at L5.

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis: various imaging features and natural courses

Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis: various imaging features and natural courses

Laterality of cervical disc herniation

Hominin vertebrae and upper limb bone fossils from Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa (1998–2003 excavations)

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