Lunar gravitational atmospheric tide, surface to 50 km in a global, gridded data set

Kohyama, Tsubasa; Wallace, John M.

doi:10.1002/2014gl060818

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…They are therefore suppressed by the analysis procedure, in particular at locations where

δ p_{{normalM}_{2}}

is effectively out of phase with the uniform westward propagation of the dynamic L 2 tide. Based on these anomalies, Kohyama and Wallace [] have suggested that also the zonally varying structures of L 2 in the Tropics are repercussions of the ocean tidal lifting effect. Our results (Figure a) question that view; the separation into five regional maxima is a distinct characteristic of the crust‐referred tide, and even for reanalyses the impact of

δ p_{{normalM}_{2}}

from vertically displaced marine sensor data appears to be minimal in latitudes below 30°.…”

Section: Validation Of L2 In Global Reanalysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L₂

Schindelegger

Dobslaw

2016

JGR Atmospheres

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A comprehensive model of the lunar air pressure tide L 2 is developed on the basis of 2315 ground truth estimates from land barometers and moored buoys. Regional-scale features of the tide and its seasonal modulations are well resolved by the in situ scatter and gridded to a 2 ∘ mesh through multiquadric interpolation. The resulting climatologies serve as an independent standard to validate the lunar semidiurnal tidal signal that is present in ERA-Interim reanalysis products despite the absence of L 2 -related gravitational forcing mechanisms in the prescribed model physics. Inconsistencies between the reanalysis solution of the barometric lunar tide and its empirical account are generally small, yet when averaged over the period 1979-2010, ERA-Interim underestimates the 100 μbar open ocean tidal amplitude in the Tropics by up to 20 μbar and produces times of peak pressure that are too early by 10 lunar minutes. Large-amplitude features of the reanalysis tide off the coast of Alaska, the eastern U.S., and Great Britain are evidently spurious, introduced to the analysis system by assimilating marine pressure data at an invariant reference surface instead of properly accounting for vertical sensor movements associated with the M 2 ocean tide. Additionally, a credible L 2 signal is documented for the ERA-20C pilot reanalysis of the twentieth century. The fact that this model rests upon input data from mere surface observations provides an unambiguous indication that the lunar tidal oscillation in atmospheric analysis systems is closely tied to the assimilation of conventional pressure measurements from stations and marine objects.

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“…They are therefore suppressed by the analysis procedure, in particular at locations where

δ p_{{normalM}_{2}}

δ p_{{normalM}_{2}}

from vertically displaced marine sensor data appears to be minimal in latitudes below 30°.…”

Section: Validation Of L2 In Global Reanalysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After curtailing the spectrum to s = 2, we deduced latitudinal profiles of amplitude and phase ( ϕ ) variations. The conversion of phase lags on the equilibrium tide to local lunar time of maximum pressure T max (in lunar hours) reads [ Kohyama and Wallace , ]

T_{\max} = \frac{24 normal lunar hours}{4 π} ((), ϕ + 2 λ) .

…”

Section: Validation Of L2 In Global Reanalysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L₂

Schindelegger

Dobslaw

2016

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Dai and Wang, 1999;Schindelegger and Ray, 2014) and lunar tides (e.g. Kohyama and Wallace, 2014;Schindelegger and Dobslaw, 2016) at ground level would be a valuable application of the IMS infrasound data. By now, the focus of such empirical models is often limited to the diurnal and the semidiurnal tide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Near IS27, these excitations amount to about 4 Pa (Schindelegger and Dobslaw, 2016). The open-ocean tide amounts to 0.5 m (Kohyama and Wallace, 2014). To a certain extent, the Ekstroem Ice Shelf moves with the ocean tide which may enhance the barometric effect of the lunar tide as the vertical movement translates into a barometric signal.…”

Section: The Lunar Tidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using barometric time series of the IMS infrasound network for a global analysis of thermally induced atmospheric tides

Hupe¹,

Ceranna²,

Pilger³

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The International Monitoring System (IMS) has been established to monitor compliance with the ComprehensiveNuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and comprises four technologies, one of which is infrasound. When fully established, the IMS infrasound network consists of 60 sites homogeneously distributed around the globe. Besides its primary purpose of determining explosions in the atmosphere, the recorded data reveal information on other anthropogenic and natural infrasound sources. Furthermore, the almost continuous multiyear recordings of differential and absolute air pressure allow for analysing 10 the atmospheric conditions. In this paper, spectral analysis tools are applied to derive atmospheric dynamics from barometric time series. Based on the solar atmospheric tides, a methodology for performing geographic and temporal variability analyses is presented which is supposed to serve for upcoming studies related to atmospheric dynamics. The surplus value of using the IMS infrasound network data for such purposes is demonstrated by comparing the findings on the thermal tides with previous studies and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), which well 15 represents the solar tides in its surface pressure fields. Absolute air pressure recordings reveal geographic characteristics of atmospheric tides related to the solar day and even to the lunar day. We therefore claim the chosen methodology of using the IMS infrasound network to be applicable for global and temporal studies on specific atmospheric dynamics. Given the accuracy and high temporal resolution of the barometric data from the IMS infrasound network, interactions with gravity waves and planetary waves can be examined in future for refining the knowledge of atmospheric dynamics; e.g., the origin of tidal 20 harmonics up to 9 cycles per day as found in the barometric data sets. Data assimilation in empirical models of solar tides would be a valuable application of the IMS infrasound data.

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“…Hsu and Hoskins (1989) and Kohyama and Wallace (2014) derived S 2 migrating tides in the stratosphere by using the ECMWF operational analysis and the ERA-Interim, respectively. Li et al (2015) used CFSR reanalysis to examine the seasonality of S 2 migrating tides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations

2018

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Abstract. Atmospheric solar tides in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere are investigated using temperature data from five state-of-the-art reanalysis data sets (MERRA-2, MERRA, JRA-55, ERA-Interim, and CFSR) as well as TIMED SABER and Aura MLS satellite measurements. The main focus is on the period 2006-2012 during which the satellite observations are available for direct comparison with the reanalyses. Diurnal migrating tides, semidiurnal migrating tides, and nonmigrating tides are diagnosed. Overall the reanalyses agree reasonably well with each other and with the satellite observations for both migrating and nonmigrating components, including their vertical structure and the seasonality. However, the agreement among reanalyses is more pronounced in the lower stratosphere and relatively weaker in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. A systematic difference between SABER and the reanalyses is found for diurnal migrating tides in the upper stratosphere and the lower mesosphere; specifically, the amplitude of trapped modes in reanalyses is significantly smaller than that in SABER, although such difference is less clear between MLS and the reanalyses. The interannual variability and the possibility of long-term changes in migrating tides are also examined using the reanalyses during 1980-2012. All the reanalyses agree in exhibiting a clear quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tides, but the most significant indications of long-term changes in the tides represented in the reanalyses are most plausibly explained by the evolution of the satellite observing systems during this period. The tides are also compared in the full reanalyses produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency (i.e., JRA-55) and in two parallel data sets from this agency: one (JRA-55C) that repeats the reanalysis procedure but without any satellite data assimilated and one (JRA-55AMIP) that is a free-running integration of the model constrained only by observed sea surface temperatures. Many aspects of the tides are closer in JRA-55C and JRA-55AMIP than these are to the full reanalysis JRA-55, demonstrating the importance of the assimilation of satellite data in representing the diurnal variability of the middle atmosphere. In contrast to the assimilated data sets, the freerunning model has no QBO in equatorial stratospheric mean circulation and our results show that it displays no quasibiennial variability in the tides.

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Lunar gravitational atmospheric tide, surface to 50 km in a global, gridded data set

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L₂

A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L₂

Using barometric time series of the IMS infrasound network for a global analysis of thermally induced atmospheric tides

Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations

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Lunar gravitational atmospheric tide, surface to 50 km in a global, gridded data set

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L2

A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L2

Using barometric time series of the IMS infrasound network for a global analysis of thermally induced atmospheric tides

Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations

Contact Info

Product

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A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L₂

A global ground truth view of the lunar air pressure tide L₂