Lung involvement in childhood measles: severe immune dysfunction revealed by quantitative immunohistochemistry

Moussallem, Tálib Moysés; Guedes, Fernanda; Fernandes, Elaine Aparecida; Pagliari, Carla; Lancellotti, Carmen Lúcia Penteado; Andrade, Heitor Franco de; Duarte, Maria Irma Seixas

doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2007.01.015

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Depletion of T- and B-lymphocytes has also been described in the BALT of measles patients [38]. We show that MV preferentially infects CD45RA − T CM and T EM , which during secondary immune responses are the primary source of T-lymphocyte expansion or generation of effector T-lymphocytes, respectively [39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Measles Immune Suppression: Lessons from the Macaque Model

et al. 2012

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Measles remains a significant childhood disease, and is associated with a transient immune suppression. Paradoxically, measles virus (MV) infection also induces robust MV-specific immune responses. Current hypotheses for the mechanism underlying measles immune suppression focus on functional impairment of lymphocytes or antigen-presenting cells, caused by infection with or exposure to MV. We have generated stable recombinant MVs that express enhanced green fluorescent protein, and remain virulent in non-human primates. By performing a comprehensive study of virological, immunological, hematological and histopathological observations made in animals euthanized at different time points after MV infection, we developed a model explaining measles immune suppression which fits with the “measles paradox”. Here we show that MV preferentially infects CD45RA− memory T-lymphocytes and follicular B-lymphocytes, resulting in high infection levels in these populations. After the peak of viremia MV-infected lymphocytes were cleared within days, followed by immune activation and lymph node enlargement. During this period tuberculin-specific T-lymphocyte responses disappeared, whilst strong MV-specific T-lymphocyte responses emerged. Histopathological analysis of lymphoid tissues showed lymphocyte depletion in the B- and T-cell areas in the absence of apoptotic cells, paralleled by infiltration of T-lymphocytes into B-cell follicles and reappearance of proliferating cells. Our findings indicate an immune-mediated clearance of MV-infected CD45RA− memory T-lymphocytes and follicular B-lymphocytes, which causes temporary immunological amnesia. The rapid oligoclonal expansion of MV-specific lymphocytes and bystander cells masks this depletion, explaining the short duration of measles lymphopenia yet long duration of immune suppression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Measles Immune Suppression: Lessons from the Macaque Model

et al. 2012

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“…The sections were also scored for septum thickness, oedema, capillary congestion and fibrosis. The pathologist scored the following findings based on standardized scoring protocols previously used [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome is associated with linear deposition of immunoglobulin and complement on the alveolar surface

Croda

Neto

Brasil

et al. 2010

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection associated with severe diseases such as leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS). The cause of pulmonary haemorrhage is unclear. Understanding which mechanisms and processes are involved in LPHS will be important in treatment regimens under development for this life-threatening syndrome. In the present study, we evaluated 30 lung specimens from LPHS patients and seven controls using histology and immunohistochemistry (detection of IgM, IgG, IgA and C3) in order to describe the pathological features associated with this syndrome. Immunoglobulin deposits were detected on the alveolar surface in 18/30 LPHS patients. Three staining patterns were observed for the immunoglobulins and C3 in the lung tissues of LPHS patients: AS, delicate linear staining adjacent to the alveolar surface, which was indicative of a membrane covering the luminal surface of type I and II pneumocyte cells; S, heterogeneous staining which was sporadically distributed along the alveolar septum; and IA, weak, focal intra-alveolar granular staining. Human LPHS is associated with individual and unique histological patterns that differ from those of other causes of pulmonary haemorrhage. In the present study, it was found that the linear deposition of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) and complement on the alveolar surface may play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary haemorrhage in human leptospirosis.

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“…Macrophage activation was determined by evaluation of NOS activity using inducible rabbit polyclonal Antibody antinitric oxide synthase (NOS) (PAB 482728/Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany). This case was compared with a control group of normal lungs described elsewhere, using semi-quantitative method 4 .…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma reactivation after renal transplant – low expression of nitric oxide synthase and a Th2 pattern of immune response

Tuon

Cordeiro

2015

Rev. Med. UFPR

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RESUMOIntrodução: Apesar de o mecanismo de imunossupressão associada com a reativação de toxoplasmose em pacientes transplantados ser conhecido, a interação entre células humanas e citocinas não está bem estabelecida. Relato: Descrevemos um caso de reativação de toxoplasmose em um paciente transplantado renal com pneumonite. A expressão das citocinas e os fenótipos celulares foram avaliados neste caso. Resultados: Houve um predomínio do padrão de resposta immune Th2, com forte expressão de TGF-beta, TNF-alfa e IL-10. A expressão do receptor de IL-2, oxido nítrico sintetase e IFNgama foi fraca. Conclusão: A reativação de toxoplamose no pulmão foi associada a um padrão de resposta imune Th2 e atividade macrofágica diminuída.Palavras-chave: Toxoplasmose. Toxoplasma gondii. Transplante renal. Resposta imune. ABSTRACTBackground: The mechanism of immunosuppression associated with reactivation of the toxoplasmosis in transplanted patients is known, but the interactions of the human cells and cytokines expression is not well established. Case report: We described a case of toxoplasmosis reactivation in a renal transplanted patient with pneumonitis. The in situ expression of cytokines and cellular phenotypes was evaluated in this case. Results: A Th2 pattern of immune response predominated with strong expression of TGF-beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10. The expression of IL-2 receptor, nitric oxide synthase and IFN-gamma were weak. Conclusion: The reactivation of toxoplasmosis in the lung was associated with a Th2 pattern of immune response and decreased activity of macrophages.

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Lung involvement in childhood measles: severe immune dysfunction revealed by quantitative immunohistochemistry

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Measles Immune Suppression: Lessons from the Macaque Model

Measles Immune Suppression: Lessons from the Macaque Model

Leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome is associated with linear deposition of immunoglobulin and complement on the alveolar surface

Toxoplasma reactivation after renal transplant – low expression of nitric oxide synthase and a Th2 pattern of immune response

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