Lutein Inhibits the Migration of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells via Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Akt Pathways (Lutein Inhibits RPE Cells Migration)

Abstract

During the course of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells will de-differentiate, proliferate, and migrate onto the surfaces of the sensory retina. Several studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can induce migration of RPE cells via an Akt-related pathway. In this study, the effect of lutein on PDGF-BB-induced RPE cells migration was examined using transwell migration assays and Western blot analyses. We found that both phosphorylation of Akt and mitochondrial translocation of Akt in RPE cells induced by PDGF-BB stimulation were suppressed by lutein. Furthermore, the increased migration observed in RPE cells with overexpressed mitochondrial Akt could also be suppressed by lutein. Our results demonstrate that lutein can inhibit PDGF-BB induced RPE cells migration through the inhibition of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Akt activation.

Odorant Receptor 51E2 Agonist β-ionone Regulates RPE Cell Migration and Proliferation

“…This result was confirmed via immunocytochemical staining with an antibody against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen as a marker for cell division (Figure 4C ). To determine the signaling components that promotes the proliferation and migration in RPE cells, we analyzed the activation of protein kinases that mediate the regulation of various cellular processes introduced by external signals (Hecquet et al, 2002 ; Chan et al, 2013 ; Qin et al, 2013 ; Cheng et al, 2014 ; Su et al, 2014 ; Du et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2015 ). Using the Proteome Profiler Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit we investigated the phosphorylation of 43 different protein kinases in stimulated vs. control cells.…”

“…A variety of studies described the physiological effect of AKT and ERK1/2 activation in RPE cells. In both cases, the activation leads to the promotion of migration and proliferation of RPE cells (Hecquet et al, 2002 ; Chan et al, 2013 ; Qin et al, 2013 ; Su et al, 2014 ; Du et al, 2015 ). The effect of β-ionone on RPE cells differs from melanocytes, since AKT, but not p38 MAPK, is activated.…”

Development of an Advanced HPLC–MS/MS Method for the Determination of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Human Plasma

“…Carotenoids, xanthophylls and carotenes are natural fat-soluble, red, yellow and orange pigments characterized by a wide distribution, structural diversity and numerous physio-chemical and biological properties [9]. Particularly due to their antioxidant activity, carotenoids have been the subject of many studies [10,11,12,13,14]. To date, over 700 carotenoid compounds have been identified in various natural sources, and 40 to 50 of these are usually consumed in the human diet [15,16].…”

Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…Xanthophylls act on glucose and lipid metabolism by the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and glucose transporters and its effects in the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism [66]. Lutein acts on inflammation by quenching free radicals leading to the blockade of nuclear factor kappa-β (NF-κβ) pathway activation and by the inhibition of arachidonic acid release, and, in consequence, keeping prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes from being formed [67]. Lutein also can inhibit IL-8 secretion [68] and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity when it is secondarily increased due to OS [69].…”