Lymphatic removal of dialysate from the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized sheep

Abernethy, Nevin J.; Chin, Warren; Hay, John B.; Rodela, Helen; Oreopoulos, Dimitrios G.; Johnston, Mary

doi:10.1038/ki.1991.197

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the normal diaphragm, lymphatic fluid containing large molecules collects and drains into the right lymphatic duct via the cranial mediastinal LN (CMLN) and tracheal lymphatic trunk. 33,34 As a secondary pathway, it is transported to the thoracic duct via the caudal MLN. 33,34 Because the CMLN is relatively accessible and visible by simple microsurgery, we analyzed the drainage rate by detection of fluorescent microspheres (diameter, 2.0 m) in the CMLN at 15 and 60 minutes after i.p.…”

Section: Lps-induced Lymphatic Vessels Are Dysfunctional Because Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CD11b+ Macrophages in Intraperitoneal Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Aberrant Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Function in the Diaphragm

Kim

Koh

Jeon

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Pathology

116

122

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Lymphatic vessels in the diaphragm are essential for draining peritoneal fluid, but little is known about their pathological changes during inflammation. Here we characterized diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels in a peritonitis model generated by daily i.p. administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Intraperitoneal LPS increased lymphatic density, branching, sprouts, connections, and network formation in the diaphragm in time-and dose-dependent manners. These changes were reversible on discontinuation of LPS administration. The LPS-induced lymphatic density and remodeling occur mainly through proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells. CD11b؉ macrophages were massively accumulated and closely associated with the lymphatic vessels changed by i.p. LPS. Both RT-PCR assays and experiments with vascular endothelial growth factor-C/D blockade and macrophage-depletion indicated that the CD11b ؉ macrophage-derived lymphangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor-C/D could be major mediators of LPS-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling through paracrine activity. Functional assays with India ink and fluorescein isothiocyanate-microspheres indicated that impaired peritoneal fluid drainage in diaphragm of LPS-induced peritonitis mice was due to inflammatory fibrosis and massive attachment of CD11b ؉ macrophages on the peritoneal side of the diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels. These findings reveal that CD11b ؉ macrophages play an important role in i.p. LPS-induced aberrant lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic dysfunction in the diaphragm.

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Section: Lps-induced Lymphatic Vessels Are Dysfunctional Because Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CD11b+ Macrophages in Intraperitoneal Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Aberrant Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Function in the Diaphragm

Kim

Koh

Jeon

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Pathology

116

122

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“…compared to our values in nor mal awake mice of 1.2 pl/min (as measured by the rate of appearance) to 1.6pl/min (as measured by the rate of disappearance). Re cently, Abernethy et al [27] used the scaling factor of (body weight)0-67 for interspccies comparisons to estimate peritoneal lymph flow rates from the experimental value of 227 pl/min obtained by direct cannulation of sheep. Using appropriate scaling from a 30-kg sheep, this would correspond to a value of 1.96 gl/min in a 25-gram mouse, in good agreement with our experimental value of 1.6 pl/min (based on rate of disappearance).…”

Section: Calculation Of Peritoneal Lymphatic Drainage Rate In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By depress ing respiration and perhaps for additional rea sons. anesthesia is known to retard peritoneal molecular transport [17,27], Therefore, ki netic measurements made under these condi tions may underestimate normal transport properties. Heretofore, no systematic study had been carried out in experimental animals to examine peritoneal transport of macromol ecules both into and out of the peritoneal cav ity under normal physiological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic and Nonlymphatic Pathways of Peritoneal Absorption in Mice: Physiology versus Pathology

Nagy

1992

Blood Purif

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In conjunction with our studies of the pathogenesis of malignant ascites formation, we have analyzed the transperitoneal transport of macromolecules in mice. In this review, I summarize our experimental results concerning the influx (transport from the blood to the peritoneal cavity) and efflux (transport from the peritoneal cavity to the blood) of a number of different tracers [fluorescein-labeled dextrans (FITC-D), ⁵¹Cr-RBC, ¹²⁵I-HSA, and ¹²⁵I-fibrinogen]. We examined tracer transport in ascites tumor-bearing animals as a function of tumor growth and compared our results with transport properties obtained in normal awake mice and in mice that had received an intraperitoneal injection of a solution of 5% bovine serum albumin to simulate the protein-rich fluid accumulation associated with ascites tumor growth in the peritoneum. Our results indicate that both increased influx as well as impaired efflux are required to initiate and maintain tumor ascites fluid accumulation. To test the hypothesis that increased influx reflected increased vascular permeability, we monitored transport of intravenously injected FITC-D tracers (FITC-D) into the peritoneal cavity by fluorescence microscopy. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the decreased efflux, we determined tracer efflux rates both as the rate of appearance in the blood and as the rate of disappearance from the peritoneal cavity. We compared these transport properties for both soluble as well as particulate tracers. Our results indicate that there are additional routes of egress available to soluble macromolecules not available to particulate tracers such as ⁵¹Cr-RBC, and that in ascites tumor-bearing animals, the lymphatic pathway is shut off rather rapidly as judged by the decreased rate of ⁵¹Cr-RBC removal. By fluorescence microscopy we observed the interstitial tissue uptake of intraperitoneally injected soluble macromolecules (FITC-D) in the parietal peritoneal wall, particularly in animals with an increased intraperitoneal pressure, thereby confirming additional nonlymphatic pathways of peritoneal absorption in mice. Finally, we used the particulate tracer ⁵¹Cr-RBC to estimate the peritoneal lymphatic drainage rate, yielding a value of 1.6 µl/min in normal awake mice based on the rate of tracer disappearance from the peritoneum.

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“…However, we have calculated volume data in our dialysis experiments [data not illustrated]. We estimated that lymphatic drainage re duced ultrafiltration by 6.7% in anesthetized animals [23] and by 23% in conscious sheep [unpubl. observations].…”

Section: Johnstonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is. roughly 63.9 ml (or 10.7ml/h) was removed from the peritoneal cavity by lym phatics over a period of 6 h in a 30-kg sheep [23].…”

Section: Lymph Flow Rates From Peritoneal Cavity Following Infusion Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Lymphatic Drainage of the Peritoneal Cavity in Sheep

Johnston

1992

Blood Purif

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In the sheep, it is possible to cannulate several of the lymphatics that drain the peritoneal cavity and assess lymphatic drainage of this serous space directly. Indwelling catheters were placed in the caudal mediastinal and thoracic ducts. The right lymph duct could not be cannulated. Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity based on the movement of ¹²⁵I-albumin from the cavity into the lymph compartments was not affected by the osmolality of the dialysate but was markedly altered by anesthesia. In addition, lymphatic drainage was assessed from the disappearance of instilled ¹²⁵I-albumin from the peritoneal cavity and from the appearance of intraperitoneally administered ¹²⁵I-albumin in the bloodstream and compared with data from the cannulated preparations. Lymph flows derived from tracer movement into the cannulated lymph compartments and from the appearance of tracer in the bloodstream were very similar. However, calculations of lymph flows based on the disappearance of tracer from the peritoneal cavity appeared to overestimate lymphatic drainage.

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Lymphatic removal of dialysate from the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized sheep

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Role of CD11b+ Macrophages in Intraperitoneal Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Aberrant Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Function in the Diaphragm

Role of CD11b+ Macrophages in Intraperitoneal Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Aberrant Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Function in the Diaphragm

Lymphatic and Nonlymphatic Pathways of Peritoneal Absorption in Mice: Physiology versus Pathology

Studies on Lymphatic Drainage of the Peritoneal Cavity in Sheep

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