Lymphovenous shunts in man

Edwards, J. M.; Kinmonth, J. B.

doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5683.579

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Animal-model studies have shown that tumor cells residing within their orthotopic site are more metastatic than those same tumor cells growing ectopically [30], so we questioned whether the lymph node microenvironment could serve as a port of entry for hematogenous dissemination. This theory seems quite reasonable considering that there exists a rich blood supply and lymphatico-venous communications within and around lymph nodes [31,32]. Although we observed that lung metastases could be seeded from melanoma cells within SLNs, we also observed that rates of lung metastases were similar in mice with tumor cells restricted to the SLNs and mice with tumor cells restricted to the subcutaneous tissue of the pinna.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Impact of sentinel lymphadenectomy on survival in a murine model of melanoma

Rebhun

Lazar

Fidler

et al. 2008

Clin Exp Metastasis

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Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy-also termed sentinel lymphadenectomy (SL)-has become a standard of care for patients with primary invasive cutaneous melanoma. This technique has been shown to provide accurate information about the disease status of the regional lymph node basins at risk for metastasis, provide prognostic information, and provide durable regional lymph node control. The potential survival benefit afforded to patients undergoing SL is controversial. Central to this controversy is whether metastasis to regional lymph nodes occurs independent of or prior to widespread hematogenous dissemination. A related area of uncertainty is whether tumor cells residing within regional lymph nodes have increased metastatic potential. We have used a murine model of primary invasive cutaneous melanoma based on injection of B16-BL6 melanoma cells into the pinna to address two questions: (1) does SL plus wide excision of the primary tumor result in a survival advantage over wide excision alone; and (2) do melanoma cells growing within lymph nodes produce a higher incidence of hematogenous metastases than do cells growing at the primary tumor site? We found that SL significantly improved the survival of mice with small primary tumors. We found no difference in the incidence of lung metastases produced by B16-BL6 melanoma cells growing exclusively within regional lymph nodes and cells growing within the pinna.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Impact of sentinel lymphadenectomy on survival in a murine model of melanoma

Rebhun

Lazar

Fidler

et al. 2008

Clin Exp Metastasis

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“…15 Shunting, as indicated by contralateral cell-bound counts, was much more marked in terms of the percentage of shunting in Group 1 patients, who on follow-up did not show any clinical evidence of BCRL. On the other hand, the 3 patients in Group 2 who did not develop BCRL, displayed no evidence of shunting from contralateral sampling, whilst of the 3 with evidence of a very small degree of shunting, 3 had BCRL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An investigation of lymphovenous communications in the upper limbs of breast cancer patients

Bains

Ballinger

Allen

et al. 2015

European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)

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“…For over 40 years researchers have been trying to find an explanation for the occurrence of lymphovenous shunts, and have since suggested that they are formed in the presence of pathological conditions, such as cancer [44,45]. In this manner, these researchers consider that the development of cancer alone can lead to connections between the lymphatic and venous vessels, regardless of surgery and/or axillary dissection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Change in blood flow velocity demonstrated by Doppler ultrasound in upper limb after axillary dissection surgery for the treatment of breast cancer

Matheus

Guirro

2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the arterial and venous blood flow in women who underwent upper limb axillary dissection surgery for the treatment of breast cancer. Sixty women were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1)--30 women who underwent breast surgery with axillary dissection level II or III (55.6 ± 8.6 years); group 2 (G2)--control, 30 women with no breast cancer (57.4 ± 7.0 years). Blood flow profile was evaluated by a continuous wave ultrasound Doppler device (Nicolet Vascular Versalab SE) with an 8 MHz probe. Axillary, brachial arteries and veins, arm circumference, volumes, and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) were examined. Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney tests were applied to analyze blood flow velocity intra-group and between G1 and G2, respectively. The G1 results showed no lymphedema and no peripheral arterial disease (ABI > 0.9). Moreover, the mean blood flow velocity of the vessels ipsilateral to the surgery was significantly higher than the contralateral ones for all vessels examined (P < 0.05). The mean velocity of blood flow of the vessels contralateral to surgery was significantly higher than the axillary artery in G2 (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that women who underwent axillary dissection due to breast cancer showed probable stenosis in the arterial and venous axillary and brachial vessels of the upper limb ipsilateral to the surgery, confirmed by the increase of blood flow velocity, and such obstruction might affect the limb contralateral to the operation site.

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Lymphovenous shunts in man

Cited by 66 publications

References 10 publications

Impact of sentinel lymphadenectomy on survival in a murine model of melanoma

Impact of sentinel lymphadenectomy on survival in a murine model of melanoma

An investigation of lymphovenous communications in the upper limbs of breast cancer patients

Change in blood flow velocity demonstrated by Doppler ultrasound in upper limb after axillary dissection surgery for the treatment of breast cancer

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