Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (Krs) acts a virulence factor of Beauveria bassiana by its vital role in conidial germination and dimorphic transition

Zhu, Xiao-Guan; Chu, Zhen-Jian; Ying, Sheng‐Hua; Feng, Ming‐Guang

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.08.003

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Three of the GO terms were involved in molecular function (oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen; flavin adenine dinucleotide binding; and oxidoreductase activity), and two were involved in biological processes (oxidation-reduction process and transmembrane transport), but no term fell into the cellular component. Since many genes may function in multiple cellular processes and events, 7,343 Δ abaA DEGs (4,367 up- and 2,976 downregulated) were significantly enriched into 29 GO terms covering a much wider array of molecular functions (16) and biological processes (12) as well as cellular components (1), as shown in Fig. 5E and Table S5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This process has been evidently associated with the functions of many genes characterized in B. bassiana, such as those encoding the histone acetyltransferases Gcn5 and Mst2 (7, 9), the histone deacetylases Hos2 and Rpd3 (10, 11), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase Ste7 (12), the Na + /H + antiporter Nhx1 (13), the blue-light photoreceptor VVD (6), the vacuolar protein VLP4 (14) or ATPase subunit H VmaH (15), the lysyl-tRNA synthetase KRS (16), and the cyclophilin B CypB (17). Interestingly, these studied genes are also responsible for a correlation of dimorphic transition in vitro or in vivo with aerial conidiation and transcriptional activation of key activator genes in the central development pathway, as summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BrlA and AbaA Govern Virulence-Required Dimorphic Switch, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in a Fungal Insect Pathogen

et al. 2019

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Dimorphic plant and human mycopathogens require a switch from the usual yeast growth to filamentous growth for host tissue penetration, and the switch is controlled by multiple signaling systems other than the central developmental pathway. Unlike these fungi, dimorphic insect mycopathogens usually grow by hyphal extension, infect the host by hyphal penetration through the insect cuticle, and switch to unicellular blastospores from the penetrating hyphae only after entry into the host hemocoel, where blastospore propagation by yeast-like budding accelerates host mummification. Here, we report a dependence of the virulence-required dimorphic transition on the central pathway activators BrlA and AbaA in Beauveria bassiana. Deletion of brlA or abaA abolished both aerial conidiation and submerged blastospore formation in vitro despite no negative impact on hyphal growth in various media, including a broth mimic of insect hemolymph. The hyphae of either deletion mutant lost insect pathogenicity through normal cuticle penetration, contrasting with a high infectivity of wild-type hyphae. The mutant hyphae injected into the host hemocoel failed to form blastospores, resulting in slower lethal action. Uncovered by transcriptomic analysis, several genes involved in host adhesion and cuticle degradation were sharply repressed in both deletion mutants versus wild type. However, almost all signaling genes homologous to those acting in the dimorphic switch of other fungi were not differentially expressed at a significant level and hence unlikely to be involved in shutting down the dimorphic switch of each deletion mutant. Therefore, like aerial conidiation, the submerged dimorphic switch in vitro and in vivo is a process of asexual development governed by the two central pathway activators in B. bassiana. IMPORTANCE Dimorphic insect mycopathogens infect the host by hyphal penetration through the host cuticle and switch from the penetrating hyphae to unicellular blastospores after entry into the host hemocoel, where blastospore propagation by yeast-like budding accelerates host mummification to death. The fungal virulence-required dimorphic switch is confirmed as a process of asexual development directly regulated by BrlA and AbaA, two key activators of the central developmental pathway in an insect mycopathogen. This finding unveils a novel mechanism distinct from the control of the dimorphic switch by multiple signaling systems other than the central developmental pathway in dimorphic plant and human mycopathogens, which switch from the usual yeast growth to filamentous growth required for pathogenicity through host tissue penetration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BrlA and AbaA Govern Virulence-Required Dimorphic Switch, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in a Fungal Insect Pathogen

et al. 2019

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“…The cytoplasmic Krs of B. bassiana support conidia germination and dimorphic transition. As an independent virulence factor, the deletion of Krs significantly decreased the aerial conidiation (∼47%) and conidia tolerance to wetheat stress (∼15%) and ultraviolet (∼46%) (Zhu et al, 2017). Importantly, the virulence of the Krs-deleted strain against G. mellonella was 60% lower than the wild-type strain.…”

Section: Newly Discovered Toxins and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Importantly, the virulence of the Krs-deleted strain against G. mellonella was 60% lower than the wild-type strain. This was attributed to delayed conidial germination and reduced extracellular Pr1 enzyme activity, which reduced mycelial penetration into the host epidermis (Zhu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Newly Discovered Toxins and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects

Wang

Peng

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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The long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and cause lower resistance, have gained great momentum. Entomopathogenic fungi have a wide range of prospects. Apart from Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana is the most studied biopesticide. After invading insect hosts, B. bassiana produces a variety of toxins, which are secondary metabolites such as beauvericin, bassianin, bassianolide, beauverolides, tenellin, oosporein, and oxalic acid. These toxins help B. bassiana to parasitize and kill the hosts. This review unequivocally considers beauveria toxins highly promising and summarizes their attack mechanism(s) on the host insect immune system. Genetic engineering strategies to improve toxin principles, genes, or virulent molecules of B. bassiana have also been discussed. Lastly, we discuss the future perspective of Beauveria toxin research, including newly discovered toxins.

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“…Similarly, the B. bassiana mutant, which deleted the MADS‐box transcription factor Mcm1 ( Bbmcm1 ), had abnormal germination and decreased conidia production, viability, and growth (Zhao et al, 2019). The krs gene belonging to the class II lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (KRS), the germination rate in the B. bassiana mutant (Δ krs ) was slowed by 10 h, and stability (heat and UV) was decreased (Zhu et al, 2017). In addition, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes (Bb mpk1 and Bb hog1 ), which activate the krs also involved in the formation of appressorium have been identified in B. bassiana (Y. Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Germination and Appressoriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis‐related genes of entomopathogenic fungi

Shin

Lee

Park

et al. 2020

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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All living things on Earth experience various diseases such as those caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Insects are no exception to this rule, and fungi that cause disease in insects are called entomopathogenic fungi. These fungi have been developed as microbial insecticides and are used to control various pests. Generally, the mode of action of entomopathogenic fungi is divided into the attachment of conidia, germination, penetration, growth, and generation of secondary infectious conidia. In each of these steps, that entomopathogenic fungi use genes in a complex manner (specific or diverse) has been shown by gene knockout and RNA-sequencing analysis. In this review, the information mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi was divided into six steps: (1) attachment of conidia to host, (2) germination and appressorium, (3) penetration, (4) fungal growth in hemolymph, (5) conidia production on host, and (6) transmission and dispersal. The strategy used by the fungi in each step was described at the genetic level. In addition, an approach for studying the mode of action of the fungi is presented.

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Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (Krs) acts a virulence factor of Beauveria bassiana by its vital role in conidial germination and dimorphic transition

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

BrlA and AbaA Govern Virulence-Required Dimorphic Switch, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in a Fungal Insect Pathogen

BrlA and AbaA Govern Virulence-Required Dimorphic Switch, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in a Fungal Insect Pathogen

The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects

Pathogenesis‐related genes of entomopathogenic fungi

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