Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Plasmonic Channel Waveguide

Lee, Da Eun; Lee, Young Jin; Shin, Eunso; Kwon, Soon-Hong

doi:10.3390/s17112584

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Last, this novel scheme can be applied to any integrated waveguides. For instance, dispersion engineering of a waveguide-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer provides a better figure of merit for index sensing [ 29 ]. Moreover, it could help achieve phase-matching conditions for a second-harmonic generation [ 30 ] or four-wave-mixing in a straight waveguide [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion Engineering of Silicon Nitride Microresonators via Reconstructable SU-8 Polymer Cladding

et al. 2022

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In this work, we propose a novel way to flexibly engineer the waveguide dispersion by patterning the cladding of waveguide microresonators. Experimentally, we demonstrate silicon nitride waveguides with air-, oxide-, and SU-8 polymer-cladding layers and compare the corresponding waveguide dispersion. By integrating SU-8 polymer as the outer cladding layer, the waveguide dispersion can be tuned from −143 to −257 ps/nm/km. Through the simple, conventional polymer stripping process, we reconstruct the waveguide dispersion back to that of the original air-cladded device without significantly impacting the quality factor of resonators. This work provides the potential to design the waveguide dispersion in normal and anomalous regimes within an integrated photonic circuit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion Engineering of Silicon Nitride Microresonators via Reconstructable SU-8 Polymer Cladding

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, their FOMs are essentially the same [66]. Typically, the FOM is around 50-100/RIU for SPR refractometric biosensors with the very best devices based on narrow Fano resonances reaching 1000/RIU [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. (We emphasise that the figure of merits of refractometric biosensors that measure the phase via optical path length differences, e.g., chip-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers, are also in the same range [71].…”

Section: Quantitative Discussion and The Figure Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration

Frutiger

Gatterdam

Blickenstorfer

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the de facto standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental noise sources. In this paper, we demonstrate that sensors that apply the spatial affinity lock-in principle (part I) and perform readout by diffraction overcome the drawbacks of established refractometric biosensors. We show this with a direct comparison of the cover refractive index jump sensitivity as well as the surface mass resolution of an unstabilized diffractometric biosensor with a state-of-the-art Biacore 8k. A combined refractometric diffractometric biosensor demonstrates that a refractometric sensor requires a much higher measurement precision than the diffractometric to achieve the same resolution. In a conceptual and quantitative discussion, we elucidate the physical reasons behind and define the figure of merit of diffractometric biosensors. Because low-precision unstabilized diffractometric devices achieve the same resolution as bulky stabilized refractometric sensors, we believe that label-free optical sensors might soon move beyond the drug discovery lab as miniaturized, mass-produced environmental/medical sensors. In fact, combined with the right surface chemistry and recognition element, they might even bring the senses of smell/taste to our smart devices.

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“…A change in the refractive index can be observed using well-known techniques such as refractometry and interferometry. 91,92 One such technique is to measure the angle of refraction when light is incident on a region containing an analyte, enabling the determination of a refractive index using Snell's law. 93 Interferometric techniques such as Mach-Zehnder-type interferometers can be used to detect an analyte at low concentration from its slight change in the medium's refractive index, which produces detectable shifts in the interference fringes.…”

Section: Optical Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an analyte may have a large real component of its dielectric function at a frequency of interest, which will result in the change of the optical pathlength in a system even when the geometry of the system is unchanged. A change in the refractive index can be observed using well-known techniques such as refractometry and interferometry 91 , 92 . One such technique is to measure the angle of refraction when light is incident on a region containing an analyte, enabling the determination of a refractive index using Snell’s law 93 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired photonic and plasmonic systems for gas sensing: applications, fabrication, and analytical methods

Musgrove,

Cockerham,

Pazos

et al. 2024

J. Optical Microsystems

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We review progress in the development of photonic platforms for detecting gases. Unlike sensors based on conventional refractive and diffractive optics, photonic sensors detect analytes using light-matter interactions of periodic nanostructures, plasmonic interactions, or combinations of the two. This summary focuses on the work done in the last two decades, and earlier reports are summarized in several authoritative reviews. Specifically, we focus on the research of bio-inspired photonic and plasmonic material fabrication, experimental studies, and theoretical studies for gas detection applications. In areas where reports are scarce, challenges are identified, and reports are included that may not directly relate to bio-inspired gas detection applications but nonetheless offer findings that can facilitate progress within underexplored areas of bioinspired gas sensing.

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Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Plasmonic Channel Waveguide

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Dispersion Engineering of Silicon Nitride Microresonators via Reconstructable SU-8 Polymer Cladding

Dispersion Engineering of Silicon Nitride Microresonators via Reconstructable SU-8 Polymer Cladding

Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration

Bio-inspired photonic and plasmonic systems for gas sensing: applications, fabrication, and analytical methods

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