Macro-to-micro porous special bioactive glass and ceftriaxone–sulbactam composite drug delivery system for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: an investigation through in vitro and in vivo animal trial

Abstract

A systematic and extensive approach incorporating in vitro and in vivo experimentation to treat chronic osteomyelitis in animal model were made using antibiotic loaded special bioactive glass porous scaffolds. After thorough characterization for porosity, distribution, surface charge, a novel drug composite were infiltrated by using vacuum infiltration and freeze-drying method which was subsequently analyzed by SEM-EDAX and studied for in vitro drug elution in PBS and SBF. Osteomyelitis in rabbit was induced by inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus and optimum drug-scaffold were checked for its efficacy over control and parenteral treated animals in terms of histopathology, radiology, in vivo drug concentration in bone and serum and implant-bone interface by SEM. It was optimized that 60P samples with 60-65% porosity (bimodal distribution of macro- to micropore) with average pore size ~60 μm and higher interconnectivity, moderately high antibiotic adsorption efficiency (~49%) was ideal. Results after 42 days showed antibiotic released higher than MIC against S. aureus compared to parenteral treatment (2 injections a day for 6 weeks). In vivo drug pharmacokinetics and SEM on bone-defect interface proved superiority of CFS loaded porous bioactive glass implants over parenteral group based on infection eradication and new bone formation.

pH-controlled delivery of gentamicin sulfate from orthopedic devices preventing nosocomial infections

“…Most of them are based on the biodegradability of biomaterial in which the drugs are dissolved [52,53] and consequently released continuously. Non-biodegradable materials for which the active molecule is dissolved or adsorbed are also used and the drug released is based on diffusion or desorption phenomena [54,55]. In all these cases, the high initial release rate and the prolonged deliverance (few weeks after the surgery) are possible but do not permit a treatment for delayed infection.…”

Association study of IL10 and IL23R–IL12RB2 in Iranian patients with Behçet's disease

“…Local surgical operations that involve permanent removal of the diseased tissue, long‐term antibiotic therapies, and occasional implantation of hard tissue substitutes are typically prescribed to treat bone infection 3. To improve on this partly invasive approach that often leaves the postoperative patients even frailer than before the treatment, novel therapies for infectious hard tissue diseases are actively being sought 4–8…”

Potential of non-mulberry silk protein fibroin blended and grafted poly(Є-caprolactone) nanofibrous matrices for in vivo bone regeneration

“…As the fibroin matrices are virtually transparent to X-rays, assessment of ossification level from the radio-imagery was relatively straightforward. It can be used to evaluate union of implant with host bone [17], formation of new bone, and osseointegration of the implant [18]. Radio density of the implants gradually reduces, from a marked value immediately following implantation, post-surgery.…”