Macrocyclic polyamine‐functionalized silica as a solid‐phase extraction material coupled with ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid extraction for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

In this study, silica modified with a 30-membered macrocyclic polyamine was synthesized and first used as an adsorbent material in SPE. The SPE was further combined with ionic liquid (IL) dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were employed as model analytes to evaluate the extraction procedure and were determined by HPLC combined with UV/Vis detection. Acetone was used as the elution solvent in SPE as well as the dispersive solvent in DLLME. The enrichment of analytes was achieved using the 1,3-dibutylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide IL/acetone/water system. Experimental conditions for the overall macrocycle-SPE-IL-DLLME method, such as the amount of adsorbent, sample solution volume, sample solution pH, type of elution solvent as well as addition of salt, were studied and optimized. The developed method could be successfully applied to the analysis of four real water samples. The macrocyclic polyamine offered higher extraction efficiency for analytes compared with commercially available C18 cartridge, and the developed method provided higher enrichment factors (2768-5409) for model analytes compared with the single DLLME. Good linearity with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9983 to 0.9999 and LODs as low as 0.002 μg/L were obtained in the proposed method.

Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples

“…In order to enhance the extraction efficiency and the enhancement factors, Liu et al [170] combined an SPE method based on a macrocyclic polyamine-functionalized silica with an ionic liquid DLLME procedure. For this purpose, after the elution of PAHs from the SPE column with acetone, distilled water and 1,3-dibutylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([BBIM][Tf 2 N]) as extraction solvents were rapidly injected for the DLLME procedure.…”

Ionic Liquid Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Oleanolic Acid from Grape Seeds

“…They have negligible volatility, low flammability, chemical stability, good environmental benignity, good solubility for organic compounds, and they are miscible with water. Moreover, a large number of possible variations in cation and anion features allowing the fine-tuning of the IL properties [13] [14]. IL based materials interact with analytes through anion exchange, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction [15].…”

Improvement of solid‐phase microextraction efficiency by the application of a carbon‐nanotubes‐based ternary microextraction fiber composite

“…Therefore, the isolation and preconcentration of the analytes from the matrix for determination of organic pollutants from real samples is important in obtaining correct results. To do this, several sample preparation techniques, including SPE [1][2][3] and LLE [4,5], have been applied. However, these techniques are time consuming and use a huge amount of toxic and flammable organic solvents.…”