Macromodeling of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Based on Microwave Network Theory

Zhang, Zhen; Zhang, Jun Wei; Liang, Jinxing; Wang, Zheng Xing; Cheng, Qiang; Cheng, Qingsha S.; Cui, Tiejun; Yang, Han Qing; Liu, Guo Biao; Wang, Si Ran

doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3187645

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The passive structure of the element was co‐simulated with the S3P file of the switch chip. [ 41 ] As shown in Figure 2e, the S‐parameters of the element in “0” and “1” states are almost identical. The transmittance is −1.9 dB at 3 GHz and remains above −3 dB from 2.95 to 3.05 GHz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Long‐Range and Nearly Passive RFID‐Controlled Information Metasurface

Wang

Shen

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Information metasurfaces (IMSs) have been considered to be a revolutionary technology for improving the spectral efficiency of sixth‐generation (6G) wireless communications due to their superior ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, there are still problems to be solved before the widespread application of IMSs. The first is to reduce power consumption, and the second is to achieve a long‐range remote control. In this paper, a long‐range and nearly passive radio frequency identification (RFID)‐controlled IMS is proposed. The proposed IMS comprises four RFID tags and 8 × 8 elements, each of which is integrated with a single‐pole‐double‐throw switch chip to achieve 1‐bit phase reconfigurability. With the remote control of the RFID system, the IMS can be programmed to switch between three functionalities, including beam splitting, beamforming, and EM‐wave absorption. Experiments are performed and the beam‐splitting functionality is demonstrated. The measurement results indicate that the wireless communication between the RFID reader and the IMS is robust within 21.7 m. Additionally, the power consumption of the IMS is as low as 0.576 mW, which can be negligible. The scheme presented in this paper paves the way for the large‐scale applications of IMSs in 6G wireless communications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Long‐Range and Nearly Passive RFID‐Controlled Information Metasurface

Wang

Shen

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Here, Z p (ω, p ) depends on the illumination power and Z r (ω) is determined by the parameters of the microwave resonator, which contains four components Z 11 (ω), Z 12 (ω), Z 21 (ω), and Z 22 (ω). Based on the transmission line theory, eq can be further derived as normalΓ ( ω , p ) = ( Z 11 false( ω false) − Z 0 ) ( Z p false( ω , p false) + Z 22 false( ω false) ) − Z 12 ( ω ) Z 21 ( ω ) ( Z 11 false( ω false) + Z 0 ) ( Z p false( ω , p false) + Z 22 false( ω false) ) − Z 12 ( ω ) Z 21 ( ω ) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this capability, the metasurfaces have already been implemented to verify many intriguing phenomena and exciting functions, − such as perfect absorption/reflection, chiral enhancement, nonlinear generation, wavefront control, and even information processing. In particular, tunable and programmable metasurfaces with tunability and real-time programmability have established a new research direction for achieving controllable light–matter interactions. , Recently, a lot of schemes have been proposed to realize the programmable metasurfaces operating at different frequency ranges in microwave, terahertz, and optics; − for example, a meta-device has been realized for three-dimensional varifocal by using the rotation technology, without active components . However, the current metasurfaces demonstrated have difficulty in responding to both optical and microwave fields simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optoelectronic Metasurface for Free-Space Optical–Microwave Interactions

Zhang

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Photon-electron interactions are essential for many areas such as energy conversion, signal processing, and emerging quantum science. However, the current demonstrations are typically targeted to fiber and on-chip applications and lack of study in wave space. Here, we introduce a concept of optoelectronic metasurface that is capable of realizing direct and efficient optical–microwave interactions in free space. The optoelectronic metasurface is realized via a hybrid integration of microwave resonant meta-structures with a photoresponsive material. As a proof of concept, we construct an ultrathin optoelectronic metasurface using photodiodes that is bias free, which is modeled and analyzed theoretically by using the light-driven electronic excitation principle and microwave network theory. The incident laser and microwave from the free space will interact with the photodiode-based metasurface simultaneously and generate strong laser–microwave coupling, where the phase of output microwave depends on the input laser intensity. We experimentally verify that the reflected microwave phase of the optoelectronic metasurface decreases as the incident laser power becomes large, providing a distinct strategy to control the vector fields by the power intensity. Our results offer fundamentally new understanding of the metasurface capabilities and the wave–matter interactions in hybrid materials.

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“…(2b). In order to derive the dependence of Z( 𝑓 ) on the RIS configuration, the RIS elements are treated as auxiliary ports that are terminated by tunable load impedances [41,42,43,44,45,46,25]. Within the impedance-based formulation, the RIS configuration c I ∈ C 𝑁 S ×1 contains the load impedances terminating the auxiliary ports:…”

Section: Impedance-based Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

RIS-Based Radio Localization in Rich Scattering Environments: Harnessing Multi-Path with ANN Decoders

Hougne

2021

2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)

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Radio localization is a key enabling technology for situational awareness but conventional techniques based on elaborate ray-tracing approaches naturally struggle in rich scattering environments (inside rooms, metro stations, planes, vessels, . . . ). Here, we discuss a completely different approach to radio localization: instead of attempting to understand rich scattering wave propagation in terms of rays, we harness the overwhelming complexity because it assigns unique wave fingerprints to each object position. We interpret wave propagation as a physical encoder of the sought-after localization information in multiplexed measurements and detail artificial neural network (ANN) architectures suitable to decode these measurements for a single or multiple, discrete or continuous, sought-after location variable(s). Capitalizing on recent physics-driven experiments, we clarify that the proposed technique is very robust to measurement noise and capable of achieving deeply sub-wavelength localization precision. The discussed technique can be implemented with multiplexing across spatial, spectral or configurational degrees of freedom, corresponding to sensor networks, broadband measurements and RIS-programmable environments, respectively. Specifically, multiplexing across a fixed random sequence of RIS configurations enables single-frequency localization with a single node. Finally, we propose an end-to-end vision of the technique in which programmable RIS elements take the role of physical weights in a hybrid analog-digital ANN. Thereby, relevant information for the localization task can be discriminated from irrelevant information already in the measurement process, enabling substantial latency improvements.

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Macromodeling of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Based on Microwave Network Theory

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

A Long‐Range and Nearly Passive RFID‐Controlled Information Metasurface

A Long‐Range and Nearly Passive RFID‐Controlled Information Metasurface

Optoelectronic Metasurface for Free-Space Optical–Microwave Interactions

RIS-Based Radio Localization in Rich Scattering Environments: Harnessing Multi-Path with ANN Decoders

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