Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial

Dai, Qi; Zhu, Xiangzhu; Manson, Jo Ann E.; Song, Yiqing; Li, Xingnan; Franke, Adrian A.; Costello, Rebecca B.; Rosanoff, Andrea; Nian, Hui; Fan, Lei; Murff, Harvey J.; Ness, Reid M.; Seidner, Douglas L.; Yu, Chang; Shrubsole, Martha J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy274

Cited by 131 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is likely that a lower Ca:Mg ratio is mainly due to a higher intake of magnesium. Consistent with that from an observational study, we found in a randomized trial that reducing Ca:Mg ratios to around 2.3 through magnesium supplementation optimized vitamin D status among individuals with Ca:Mg ratios over 2.6 . Thus, in addition to muscle function, adequate magnesium intake levels or Ca:Mg ratios could lead to optimal vitamin D status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We reported earlier that magnesium intake significantly interacted with vitamin D intake affecting vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency . Supporting this finding, we reported very recently from a randomized trial conducted among individuals with calcium: magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratios over 2.6 that reducing Ca:Mg ratios to around 2.3 through magnesium supplementation optimized vitamin D status . Furthermore, we reported that serum vitamin D concentrations were associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer and CVD mortality only when magnesium intake was high .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Consistent with that from an observational study, we found in a randomized trial that reducing Ca:Mg ratios to around 2.3 through magnesium supplementation optimized vitamin D status among individuals with Ca:Mg ratios over 2.6. 5 Thus, in addition to muscle function, adequate magnesium intake levels or Ca:Mg ratios could lead to optimal vitamin D status. Further, previous studies found physical activity may only be related to reduced risks of incident CVD 1 and mortality due to CVD 2 when serum levels of 25(OH)D were sufficient (20 to <30 ng/ml) or optimal (≥30 ng/ml) while moderate physical activity was significantly associated with a reduced risk of incident CVD only when serum 25(OH)D levels were optimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 CVD: defined as self-reported history of angina, coronary heart disease, heart attack and shock. 5 Diabetes: defined as self-reported history of diabetes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Supporting this finding, we reported very recently from a randomized trial conducted among individuals with calcium: magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratios over 2.6 that reducing Ca:Mg ratios to around 2.3 through magnesium supplementation optimized vitamin D status. 4,5 Furthermore, we reported that serum vitamin D concentrations were associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer and CVD mortality only when magnesium intake was high. 3 Previous studies also consistently linked physical activity to reduced risks of total mortality and mortality due to cancer and CVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity, dietary calcium to magnesium intake and mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey 1999–2006 cohort

Hibler

Zhu

Shrubsole

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Calcium and magnesium affect muscle mass and function. Magnesium and calcium are also important for optimal vitamin D status. Vitamin D status modifies the associations between physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD mortality. However, no study examined whether levels of magnesium and calcium and the ratio of dietary calcium to magnesium (Ca:Mg) intake modify the relationship between physical activity and mortality. We included 20,295 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants (1999–2006) aged >20 years with complete dietary, physical activity and mortality data (2,663 deaths). We assessed physical activity based on public health guidelines and sex‐specific tertiles of MET‐minutes/week. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounding factors and stratified by the intakes of magnesium, calcium, Ca:Mg ratio. We found higher physical activity was significantly associated with reduced risk of total mortality and cause‐specific mortality, regardless of Ca:Mg ratio, magnesium or calcium intake. In contrast, both moderate and high physical activity were significantly associated with substantially reduced risks of mortality due to cancer when magnesium intake was above the RDA level. We also found higher physical activity was significantly associated with a reduced risk of mortality due to cancer only when Ca:Mg ratios were between 1.7 and 2.6, although the interaction was not significant. Overall, dietary magnesium and, potentially, the Ca:Mg ratio modify the relationship between physical activity and cause‐specific mortality. Further study is important to understand the modifying effects of the balance between calcium and magnesium intake on physical activity for chronic disease prevention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 CVD: defined as self-reported history of angina, coronary heart disease, heart attack and shock. 5 Diabetes: defined as self-reported history of diabetes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity, dietary calcium to magnesium intake and mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey 1999–2006 cohort

Hibler

Zhu

Shrubsole

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Vitamin D and diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multi‐centre nerve conduction study among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

Pang

Cai

et al. 2023

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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AimsIncreasing numbers of reports link vitamin D deficiency to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), yet evidence regarding neurological deficits and electromyogram is scarce. The present multi‐centre study sought to investigate these associations based on objective quantifications.Materials and MethodsInformation on DPN‐related symptoms, signs, all diabetic microvascular complications, and nerve conduction abilities (quantified by nerve conduction amplitude and velocity, F‐wave minimum latency (FML) of peripheral nerves) were collected from a derivation cohort of 1192 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Correlation, regression analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore linear and non‐linear relationships between vitamin D and DPN, which were validated in an external cohort of 223 patients.ResultsPatients with DPN showed lower levels of vitamin D than those without DPN; patients with vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) tended to suffer more DPN‐related neurological deficits (paraesthesia, prickling, abnormal temperature, ankle hyporeflexia, and distal pall hypoesthesia correlating with MNSI‐exam score (Y = −0.005306X + 2.105, P = 0.048). Worse nerve conduction abilities (decreased motor nerve amplitude, sensory nerve amplitude, motor nerve velocity, and increased FML) were also observed in these patients. Vitamin D had a significant threshold association with DPN (adjusted OR = 4.136, P = 0.003; RCS P for non‐linearity = 0.003) and correlates with other microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy).ConclusionsVitamin D is associated with the conduction ability of peripheral nerves and may have a nerve‐ and threshold‐selective relationship with the prevalence and severity of DPN among patients with T2D.

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Magnesium intake and primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Zhong

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epidemiological studies on magnesium intake and primary liver cancer (PLC) are scarce, and no prospective studies have examined the associations of magnesium intake with PLC incidence and mortality. We sought to clarify whether higher magnesium intake from diet and supplements was associated with lower risks of PLC incidence and mortality in the US population. Magnesium intake from diet and supplements was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 104,025 participants. Cox regression was employed to calculate hazard ratios for PLC incidence and competing risk regression was employed to calculate subdistribution hazard ratios for PLC mortality. Restricted cubic spline regression was employed to test nonlinearity. We documented 116 PLC cases during 1,193,513.5 person‐years of follow‐up and 100 PLC deaths during 1,198,021.3 person‐years of follow‐up. Total (diet + supplements) magnesium intake was found to be inversely associated with risks of PLC incidence (hazard ratiotertile 3 vs. 1: 0.44; 95% confidence interval: 0.24, 0.80; ptrend = 0.0065) and mortality (subdistribution hazard ratiotertile 3 vs. 1: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.71; ptrend = 0.0008). Similar results were obtained for dietary magnesium intake. Nonlinear inverse dose–response associations with PLC incidence and mortality were observed for both total and dietary magnesium intakes (all pnonlinearity < 0.05). In summary, in the US population, a high magnesium intake is associated with decreased risks of PLC incidence and mortality in a nonlinear dose–response manner. These findings support that increasing the consumption of foods rich in magnesium may be beneficial in reducing PLC incidence and mortality.

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Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial

Cited by 131 publications

References 30 publications

Physical activity, dietary calcium to magnesium intake and mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey 1999–2006 cohort

Physical activity, dietary calcium to magnesium intake and mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey 1999–2006 cohort

Vitamin D and diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multi‐centre nerve conduction study among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

Magnesium intake and primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

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