Magnetic grating echoes from laser-cooled atoms

Kumarakrishnan, A.; Cahn, S. B.; Shim, U.; Sleator, Tycho

doi:10.1103/physreva.58.r3387

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, for Raman superradiance there is an important difference. The internal states are orthogonal, and therefore the spatial modulation is not in the atomic density but rather in the coherences (off-diagonal elements of the density matrix) [16] between the atomic states. Atomic coherences between different hyperfine states are sensitive to magnetic fields, leading to additional loses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman amplification of matter waves

et al. 2004

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We demonstrate a Raman amplifier for matter-waves, where the amplified atoms and the gain medium are in two different hyperfine states. This amplifier is based on a novel form of superradiance that arises from self-stimulated Raman scattering in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 42.50.Ct, 42.50.Gy With the realization of coherent, laser-like atoms in the form of Bose-Einstein condensates it has become possible to explore matter-wave amplification, a process in which the number of atoms in a quantum state is amplified due to bosonic stimulation. Stimulation has been observed in the formation of condensates [1,2] and, more directly, has been used to realize coherent matter-wave amplifiers [3,4] based on superradiant Rayleigh scattering [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in which the atomic momentum of the gain medium and the amplified atoms differ by a photon recoil. In these cases the atoms remained in the same internal state, a fact that severely limited the performance of superradiant atom amplifiers since the amplified atoms were scattered out of the final state or served as a gain medium for higher-order processes (superradiant cascades [7]).In this Letter we demonstrate a Raman atom amplifier in which the gain medium and the amplified atoms are in different internal states. Such a system has analogies to an optical laser in which different transitions are used for pumping and lasing, thus circumventing the above limitations. The gain mechanism for this amplifier is stimulated Raman scattering in a £-type atomic level structure which occurs in a superradiant way. This system also acts as a Stokes Raman laser for optical radiation.The amplification scheme is similar to that explored in previous work on Rayleigh superradiance in Bose-Einstein condensates [7,12] (cf. fig. 1 A). A linearly polarized laser beam with wavevector is incident on a magnetically trapped, cigar-shaped condensate, perpendicular to its long axis. Each scattering event creates a scattered photon with momentum

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Raman amplification of matter waves

et al. 2004

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“…Such gratings were experimentally studied for laser-cooled atoms in Ref. [19]. This paper has focused on bosonically enhanced scattering.…”

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Does Matter Wave Amplification Work for Fermions?

Ketterle

Inouye

2001

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We discuss the relationship between bosonic stimulation, density fluctuations, and matter wave gratings. It is shown that enhanced stimulated scattering, matter wave amplification, and atomic four-wave mixing do not require macroscopic occupation of a single quantum state. These processes are in principle possible for fermionic or nondegenerate samples, if they are prepared in a cooperative state. In practice, there are limitations due to short coherence times.

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“…In principle one can use for this purpose noncouterpropagating fields. Interferometers with q 1 = −q 2 have been previously created [16] and studied [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Atom interferometer as a selective sensor of rotation or gravity

2006

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In the presence of Earth gravity and gravity-gradient forces, centrifugal and Coriolis forces caused by the Earth rotation, the phase of the time-domain atom interferometers is calculated with accuracy up to the terms proportional to the fourth degree of the time separation between pulses. We considered double-loop atom interferometers and found appropriate condition to eliminate their sensitivity to acceleration to get atomic gyroscope, or to eliminate the sensitivity to rotation to increase accuracy of the atomic gravimeter. Consequent use of these interferometers allows one to measure all components of the acceleration and rotation frequency projection on the plane perpendicular to gravity acceleration. Atom interference on the Raman transition driving by noncounterpropagating optical fields is proposed to exclude stimulated echo processes which can affect the accuracy of the atomic gyroscopes. Using noncounterpropagating optical fields allows one to get a new type of the Ramsey fringes arising in the unidirectional Raman pulses and therefore centered at the twoquantum line center. Density matrix in the Wigner representation is used to perform calculations. It is shown that in the time between pulses, in the noninertial frame, for atoms with fully quantized spatial degrees of freedom, this density matrix obeys classical Liouville equations.

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Magnetic grating echoes from laser-cooled atoms

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Raman amplification of matter waves

Raman amplification of matter waves

Does Matter Wave Amplification Work for Fermions?

Atom interferometer as a selective sensor of rotation or gravity

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