Magnetic Particle Imaging: A Resovist Based Marking Technology for Guide Wires and Catheters for Vascular Interventions

Abstract

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is able to provide high temporal and good spatial resolution, high signal to noise ratio and sensitivity. Furthermore, it is a truly quantitative method as its signal strength is proportional to the concentration of its tracer, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), over a wide range practically relevant concentrations. Thus, MPI is proposed as a promising future method for guidance of vascular interventions. To implement this, devices such as guide wires and catheters have to be discernible in MPI, which can be achieved by coating already commercially available devices with SPIOs. In this proof of principle study the feasibility of that approach is demonstrated. First, a Ferucarbotran-based SPIO-varnish was developed by embedding Ferucarbotran into an organic based solvent. Subsequently, the biocompatible varnish was applied to a commercially available guidewire and diagnostic catheter for vascular interventional purposes. In an interventional setting using a vessel phantom, the coating proved to be mechanically and chemically stable and thin enough to ensure normal handling as with uncoated devices. The devices were visualized in 3D on a preclinical MPI demonstrator using a system function based image reconstruction process. The system function was acquired with a probe of the dried varnish prior to the measurements. The devices were visualized with a very high temporal resolution and a simple catheter/guide wire maneuver was demonstrated.

A comprehensive literatures update of clinical researches of superparamagnetic resonance iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging

“…MPI's signal strength is proportional to the SPIOs' concentration over a wide range of practically relevant concentrations. Haegele et al (151,152) reported an approach to visualize a commercially available diagnostic catheter and guide wire for use in MPI guided vascular interventions using a very thin Resovistcoating and a dedicated MPI system. Haegele et al (150) reported that by using MPI, both balloon catheters could be visualized with high temporal resolution and sufficient spatial resolution (Figure 20).…”

In-Vitro MPI-guided IVOCT catheter tracking in real time for motion artifact compensation

“…Further, MPI has demonstrated its beneficial usage in several interventional applications such as catheter tracking, stenosis identification and stenosis clearing [26][27][28]. Catheters and guide wires are coated with magnetic markers to track their position with MPI in real time [29][30][31][32][33]. The first bimodal experiments combining IVOCT and MPI are presented in [34,35].…”

Bimodal intravascular volumetric imaging combining OCT and MPI

“…This suffices to quantify vascular stenosis . Catheters and guide wires can be coated with magnetic nanoparticles enabling their visualization in MPI . Using multispectral reconstruction techniques, it is even possible to simultaneously image the coated instrument/catheter and the blood pool tracer making navigation tasks possible.…”

“…22,23 Catheters and guide wires can be coated with magnetic nanoparticles enabling their visualization in MPI. 24 Using multispectral reconstruction techniques, 25 it is even possible to simultaneously image the coated instrument/catheter and the blood pool tracer making navigation tasks possible. Using long circulating tracers, 26 the vessel tree can be visualized over several hours which is a huge advantage over the use of tracers in the DSA setting where iodine has to be regularly injected.…”