Magnetic resonance microscopy in cardiac development

Smith, Brian N.

doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20010201)52:3<323::aid-jemt1016>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Few studies to date have attempted to profile the changing geometry of the interior of the heart. Several studies have used different imaging modalities to explore developing hearts in 3D to identify morphogenic defects (Smith, 2001;Weninger and Mohun, 2002;Schneider et al, 2003;Soufan et al, 2004), but none of these studies focused on quantifying the 3D geometry of the different segments and chambers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative volumetric analysis of cardiac morphogenesis assessed through micro‐computed tomography

Butcher

Sedmera

Guldberg

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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We present a method to generate quantitative embryonic cardiovascular volumes at extremely high resolution without tissue shrinkage using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). A CT dense polymer (Microfil, Flow Tech, Inc.) was used to perfuse avian embryonic hearts from Hamburger and Hamilton stage (HH) 15 through HH36, which solidified to create a cast within the luminal space. Hearts were then scanned at 10.5 m 3 voxel resolution using a VivaCT scanner, digital slices were contoured for regions of interest, and computational analysis was conducted to quantify morphogenetic parameters. The three-dimensional morphology was compared with that of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and serial section reconstruction of similarly staged hearts. We report that Microfil-perfused hearts swelled to maximum end-diastolic volume with negligible shrinking after polymerization. Comparison to SEM revealed good agreement of cardiac chamber proportions and intracardiac tissue structures (i.e., valves and septa) at the stages of development assessed. Quantification of changes in chamber volume over development revealed several notable results that confirm earlier hypotheses. Heart chamber volumes grow over two orders of magnitude during the 1-week developmental period analyzed. The atrioventricular canal comprised a significant proportion of the early heart volume. While left atrium/left ventricular volume ratios approached 1 in later development, right atrium/right ventricle ratios increase to over 2.5. Quantification of trabeculation patterns confirmed that the right and left ventricles are similarly trabeculated before HH27, after which the right ventricle became quantitatively coarser than that of the left ventricle. These results demonstrate that Micro-CT can be used to image and quantify cardiovascular structures during development. Developmental Dynamics 236:802-809, 2007.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative volumetric analysis of cardiac morphogenesis assessed through micro‐computed tomography

Butcher

Sedmera

Guldberg

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Advantages of MRI include its non-destructive nature, excellent tissue contrast, and ability to reconstruct images in any plane, including three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. High spatial resolution (25-50 m) with exquisite morphologic detail can be achieved, but for the most part requires field strengths of 7-11 T and long acquisition times (hours-typically overnight); moreover, technical considerations limit MRI largely to fixed embryos (12)(13)(14). Efficient, high-throughput imaging is only just dawning (14,15).…”

Section: Phenotyping Approaches: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Tools for the Developmental Biologist: Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of Mouse Embryonic Development

Phoon

2006

Pediatr Res

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Progress has been rapid in the elucidation of genes responsible for cardiac development. Strategies to ascertain phenotypes, however, have lagged behind advances in genomics, particularly in the in vivo mouse embryo, considered a model organism for mammalian development, and for human development and disease. Over the past several years, our laboratory and others have pioneered a variety of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)-Doppler approaches to study in vivo development in both normal and mutant mouse embryos. This state-of-the-art review will discuss the development and potential of ultrasound biomicroscopy as a tool for the in vivo imaging and phenotyping of both cardiac and non-cardiac organ systems in the early developing mouse. Broad, long-term research objectives are to define living structure-function relationships during critical periods of mammalian morphogenesis.

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“…Unfortunately, none of these approaches provide the temporal sensitivity necessary to characterize typical embryonic cardiovascular flow. MR imaging has shown great promise as an anatomical tool for assessing developmental cardiovascular defects in the mouse model (92)(93)(94). Unfortunately, the proper preparation of the embryos requires chemical fixation, eliminating the possibility of dynamic measurements of cardiovascular performance.…”

Section: Measuring Internal Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Cardiovascular Flow Dynamics During Early Development

Hove

2006

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT:The relationship between developing biologic tissues and their dynamic fluid environments is intimate and complex. Increasing evidence supports the notion that these embryonic flowstructure interactions influence whether development will proceed normally or become pathogenic. Genetic, pharmacological, or surgical manipulations that alter the flow environment can thus profoundly influence morphologic and functional cardiovascular phenotypes. Functionally deficient phenotypes are particularly poorly described as there are few imaging tools with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to quantify most intra-vital flows. The ability to visualize biofluids flow in vivo would be of great utility in functionally phenotyping model animal systems and for the elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie flow-related mechano-sensation and transduction in living organisms. This review summarizes the major methodological advances that have evolved for the quantitative characterization of intra-vital fluid dynamics with an emphasis on assessing cardiovascular flows in vertebrate model organisms. ROLE OF FLUID FLOW IN DEVELOPMENTI n addition to facilitating convective transport, intra-vital fluid flows impose substantial mechanical stresses on adjacent and underlying cells. These flow-induced forces are widely acknowledged as critical to the proper development and maintenance of many aspects of biologic form and function. This is particularly true during embryogenesis where internally-derived, flow-related forces are thought to be morphogens influencing a number of key developmental processes including; symmetry determination (1,2), cardiogenesis (3-5), blood vessel formation (6,7), glomerulogenesis (8), brain development (9), and lung development (10,11). In addition to their roles during normal development, the biomechanical forces generated by aberrant intra-vital flow have been implicated as important factors in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases in the cardiovascular (12-14), nervous (15-17), and renal (18 -20) systems.The specific mechanisms by which living cells sense, transduce and respond to flow-induced stresses are only partially known (21-25). In vitro studies have contributed a great deal to our understanding of these signaling pathways in general, and how cardiovascular endothelial cells, the flow sensors and transducers lining the vascular walls, react to shear stress (26 -29), stretch (30,31), and pressure (32,33). Of these, wall shear stress has received the most attention as both its magnitude and orientation are thought to play roles during vascular development. Fluid shear stresses occur within the cardiovascular system as blood flows tangentially to the surrounding vessel wall. This frictional force is defined by the product of the shear rate (derivative of velocity with respect to the vessel radius) and the dynamic viscosity of blood. To reconcile the complex velocity gradients that exist within a pulsing, flexible heart tube filled with a moving, non-Newtonian fluid we need to obtain s...

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Magnetic resonance microscopy in cardiac development

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Quantitative volumetric analysis of cardiac morphogenesis assessed through micro‐computed tomography

Quantitative volumetric analysis of cardiac morphogenesis assessed through micro‐computed tomography

Imaging Tools for the Developmental Biologist: Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of Mouse Embryonic Development

Quantifying Cardiovascular Flow Dynamics During Early Development

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