Magnetic structure of Fe/Gd multilayers determined by resonant x-ray magnetic scattering

Ishimatsu, Naoki; Hashizume, H.; Hamada, Shota; Hosoito, Nobuyoshi; Nelson, C. S.; Venkataraman, C.; Srajer, G.; Lang, J. C.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.9596

Cited by 97 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This value is considerably smaller than the bulk saturation magnetization for Gd, 2056 emu/cm 3 , but it is similar to the reduced magnetization in thin-film Gd reported by other authors. 16,17 The saturation magnetization of a single Gd thin film was measured very close to the bulk value (see Fig. 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A 20-30% reduction of the magnetization of Gd in Gd/Fe multilayers has previously been reported by several groups, [13][14][15] but very rarely is the reduction as large as the one reported here. 16,17 Beyond the different values obtained for the enhanced exchange and the reduced magnetization of Gd, this work shows that a DSV is an efficient tool for characterizing magnetic materials in general and compounds of REs in particular, which is of great interest for many magnetic research fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…These values are similar to those reported by other authors. 16,17,19 Figures 1(b) and 1(c) show the hysteresis loop and the MR response of this DSV with 4 nm of Gd, measured at 300 K. At this temperature the Gd layer is expected to be paramagnetic (T C of Gd in bulk is 293 K). If this is the case, neither Fe layer would be exchange coupled through the Gd, and they would be free to switch independently.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced exchange and reduced magnetization of Gd in an Fe/Gd/Fe trilayer

et al. 2011

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The exchange interaction of Gd adjacent to Fe has been characterized by transport measurements on a double spin valve with a Fe/Gd/Fe trilayer as the middle layer. Our measurements show that the ferromagnetism of the Gd is enhanced by the presence of the Fe, and it remains ferromagnetic over its Curie temperature up to a thickness no smaller than 1 nm adjacent to the Fe. This thickness is more than double what has been reported before. Additionally, the saturation magnetization of the thin Gd layer sandwiched in Fe was found to be half of its bulk value. This reduced magnetization does not seem to be related to the proximity of Fe but rather to the incomplete saturation of Gd even for very high fields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced exchange and reduced magnetization of Gd in an Fe/Gd/Fe trilayer

et al. 2011

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“…In the Fe/Gd and Fe/Dy multilayer systems, on the other hand, twisted magnetic structures have been inferred experimentally [4][5][6] and theoretically. [7][8][9][10][11][12] The Fe/Tb multilayer system, lying between the Fe/Gd and Fe/Dy systems in the Periodic Table, is expected to have some kind of twisted magnetic structure, caused by the competition among the exchange coupling, the Zeeman energy, and the anisotropic energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The enhanced negative magnetoresistance of Fe/Tb multilayer at multiextreme conditions

Ohashi

Oomi

Ohmichi

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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Magnetoresistance ͑MR͒ in Fe/Tb magnetic multilayer is studied under multiextreme conditions, i.e., high magnetic field, low temperature, and high pressure. The negative MR is observed to be 24.6% in ͓Fe͑12 nm͒ / Tb͑15 nm͔͒ 25 at 4.2 K, and MR is not saturated completely even up to 30 T. With increasing pressure, the magnitude of MR tends to be suppressed, indicating that magnetic order in the Tb layers is suppressed by applying pressure.

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“…[10,11,12] We have studied the effect of reducing M We have also simulated a multilayer with a reduced interface coupling A int = −A Gd = −0.75 µerg cm −1 . The main features, relative to the "standard" simulation with A int = −1.0 µerg cm −1 , were strongly reduced α i and boundary angles but slightly higher DW widths for all fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground state and constrained domain walls in Gd/Fe multilayers

Aken¹,

Prieto²,

Mathur³

2004

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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The magnetic ground state of antiferromagnetically coupled Gd/Fe multilayers and the evolution of in-plane domain walls is modelled with micromagnetics. The twisted state is characterised by a rapid decrease of the interface angle with increasing magnetic field. We found that for certain ratios M(Fe):M(Gd), the twisted state is already present at low fields. However, the magnetic ground state is not only determined by the ratio M(Fe):M(Gd) but also by the thicknesses of the layers, that is the total moments of the layer. The dependence of the magnetic ground state is explained by the amount of overlap of the domain walls at the interface. Thicker layers suppress the Fe aligned and the Gd aligned state in favour of the twisted state. Whereas ultrathin layers exclude the twisted state, since wider domain walls can not form in these ultrathin layers

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Magnetic structure of Fe/Gd multilayers determined by resonant x-ray magnetic scattering

Cited by 97 publications

References 27 publications

Enhanced exchange and reduced magnetization of Gd in an Fe/Gd/Fe trilayer

Enhanced exchange and reduced magnetization of Gd in an Fe/Gd/Fe trilayer

The enhanced negative magnetoresistance of Fe/Tb multilayer at multiextreme conditions

Ground state and constrained domain walls in Gd/Fe multilayers

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