Main Clinical Features of COVID-19 and Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of the Microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

He, Yu; Wang, Jianhui; Li, Fang; Shi, Yuan

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01302

Cited by 108 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…A recent review by Enaud et al (83) documented current knowledge about the gut:lung axis. He et al (84) discussed how ACE2 expression is down-regulated in SARS patients during infection. This is of interest in terms of the gut microbiota as ACE2 regulates expression of amino acid transporters that control intestinal uptake of tryptophan.…”

Section: Is There a Role For The Gut Microbiome And Probiotics/prebiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms linking the human gut microbiome to prophylactic and treatment strategies for COVID-19

2020

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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has altered the face of biology, social interaction and public health worldwide. It has had a destructive effect upon millions of people and is approaching a devastating one million fatalities. Emerging evidence has suggested a link between the infection and gut microbiome status. This is one of several factors that may contribute towards severity of infection. Given the fact that the gut is heavily linked to immunity, inflammatory status and the ability to challenge pathogens, it is worthwhile to consider dietary intervention of the gut microbiota as means of potentially challenging the viral outcome. In this context, probiotics and prebiotics have been used to mitigate similar respiratory infections. Here, we summarise links between the gut microbiome and COVID-19 infection, as well as propose mechanisms whereby probiotic and prebiotic interventions may act.

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Section: Is There a Role For The Gut Microbiome And Probiotics/prebiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms linking the human gut microbiome to prophylactic and treatment strategies for COVID-19

2020

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“…Global immunization provides a radical solution, but full eradication of an infectious disease has been achieved only a few times throughout history. Many viruses are resistant to vaccination through rapid mutagenesis, like influenza viruses ( 1 ), employing cell-to-cell transmission altogether bypassing exposure to antibodies, like HTLV ( 2 ), gaining entry through the respiratory tract delaying the access of antibodies to the site of infection, like coronaviruses ( 3 ), or a combination of these and yet unknown factors, such as with HIV and influenza. Development of an effective vaccine against coronavirus is challenging; while animal vaccines exist, no human vaccine against any of coronaviruses has been developed so far ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Lipid Rafts—A Potential Therapy for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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COVID-19 is a global pandemic currently in an acute phase of rapid expansion. While public health measures remain the most effective protection strategy at this stage, when the peak passes, it will leave in its wake important health problems. Historically, very few viruses have ever been eradicated. Instead, the virus may persist in communities causing recurrent local outbreaks of the acute infection as well as several chronic diseases that may arise from the presence of a “suppressed” virus or as a consequence of the initial exposure. An ideal solution would be an anti-viral medication that (i) targets multiple stages of the viral lifecycle, (ii) is insensitive to frequent changes of viral phenotype due to mutagenesis, (iii) has broad spectrum, (iv) is safe and (v) also targets co-morbidities of the infection. In this Perspective we discuss a therapeutic approach that owns these attributes, namely “lipid raft therapy.” Lipid raft therapy is an approach aimed at reducing the abundance and structural modifications of host lipid rafts or at targeted delivery of therapeutics to the rafts. Lipid rafts are the sites of the initial binding, activation, internalization and cell-to-cell transmission of SARS-CoV-2. They also are key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses, dysregulation of which is characteristic to COVID-19 infection. Lipid raft therapy was successful in targeting many viral infections and inflammatory disorders, and can potentially be highly effective for treatment of COVID-19.

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“…The microbial signatures in lung may predict the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), most common complication from COVID-19, and the long-term outcomes of the outbreak. Emerging data identifies the role of gut microbiota in improving the antiviral immunity (He et al, 2020). Such that, various reports suggest the importance of gut microbiota modulation in reducing enteritis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and reversing the side effects of antibiotics in order to avoid the replication of influenza virus in lung epithelium.…”

Section: The Bi-directional Gut-lung Axis: a Pre-covid-19 Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological co-ordination between gut and lungs in SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a major pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has created unprecedented global health emergencies, and emerged as a serious threat due to its strong ability for human-to-human transmission. The reports indicate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect almost any organ due to the presence of a receptor known as angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) across the body. ACE2 receptor is majorly expressed in the brush border of gut enterocytes along with the ciliated cells and alveolar epithelial type II cells in the lungs. The amino acid transport function of ACE2 has been linked to gut microbial ecology in gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thereby suggesting that COVID-19 may, to some level, be linked to the enteric microbiota. The significant number of COVID-19 patients shows extra-pulmonary symptoms in the GI tract. Many subsequent studies revealed viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in fecal samples of COVID-19 patients. This presents a new challenge in the diagnosis and control of COVID-19 infection with a caution for proper sanitation and hygiene. Here, we aim to discuss the immunological coordination between gut and lungs that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 to infect and multiply in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and non-IBD patients.

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Main Clinical Features of COVID-19 and Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of the Microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Cited by 108 publications

References 76 publications

Mechanisms linking the human gut microbiome to prophylactic and treatment strategies for COVID-19

Mechanisms linking the human gut microbiome to prophylactic and treatment strategies for COVID-19

Targeting Lipid Rafts—A Potential Therapy for COVID-19

Immunological co-ordination between gut and lungs in SARS-CoV-2 infection

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